The Food And Drug Administration - 1740 Words

Today’s world is facing many challenges given the growing concerns and current repercussions of environmental climate change and demands of a growing global population. Not only is climate change effecting the worlds ecosystems, human health and fresh water resources, it is drastically effecting the worlds agriculture. Unpredictable weather such, as rising temperatures, colder temperatures, excessive flooding, and droughts are just a few of the increasing weather instabilities, which are challenging and threatening today’s agriculture growth and production. As such, crop yields continue to decline and present a risk to future food security. As a world, we are facing an adaptation deficit leaving us very vulnerable and thus, we must seek to†¦show more content†¦The potential for further varieties is plausible but much debate shadows biotechnology given unknown human, animal and environmental risks and impacts. Consumer risk perspectives toward transgenic technol ogy are unbalanced between developed and industrial countries given a) the level of trust in government regulators regarding food supply safety; b) attitudes toward scientific discovery; and c) the influence of media coverage (McCluskey Wahl, 2004). Genetically modified technology is progressive and carries many sustainable benefits but concerns as well, of which will be explored. Figure 1: Biotech Crop Countries and Mega-Countries*, 2012 What exactly is genetically modified organism? GMO is a living organism (bacteria, plant, animal) whose genetic composition has been altered by means of gene technology and the genetic modification usually involves insertion of a piece of DNA (bacteria or virus) and/or synthetic combination of several smaller DNA, into the genome of the organism to be modified (Khan, Muafia, Nasreen Salariya, 2012). GMO have two specific transgenes that have been created; one, with a built in pesticide for insect resistance and the other, for herbicide tolerance. Genetic modification has been a progressive resource to reducing/eliminating challenging environmental conditions that crops face related to pests, disease and harsh climate conditions. Elevating nutritional quality and the deficiency of vitamin A

To What Extent Does Sex Education Exert Impact on Teenagers in Hong Kong Free Essays

Getting married, want to get pregnant, take care for their child†¦ those are the steps of a normal life cycle that everyone should be looking forward to or experiencing. Thus, there should be so much joy to getting pregnancy if a married couple is expecting to have a new member into their family. Although a married couple is not wish to getting pregnancy, a normal sexual activity is still enjoyable for both of them. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Does Sex Education Exert Impact on Teenagers in Hong Kong or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the old Chinese society, most of the people were start to having the sexual activity after they were married because there may not know what sexual intercourse is as there are lack of educations. As the technology improved, people may easier to get those related information from the web or others. It might be one of the fact leads people try to experience sexual intercourse before marry and even in underage. In the current Hong Kong society, this is not uncommon that there is an underage pregnancy victim in primary and secondary school.Most of the underage pregnancy victims are not know the right way to handle it. According to Mother’s Choice, there is around 1000 expectant mothers that age fewer than 18 to seek for help in 2008, which was increase 40% from the previous year. As there is a lack of sex education implements in primary and secondary schools, the number of underage pregnancy increases. Literature Review Lack of sex education will leads to a number of negative effect. One of the main effects is underage pregnancy. In 2007, there are 134 people who were give birth and 327 people who did a legal abortion in aged under 18 (DHHK, 2007).In 2008, there are around 1000 expectant mothers that age under 18 to seek for help, which was increase 40% from the previous year (Mother’s Choice, 2008). One of the main reasons that lack of sex education leads to underage pregnancy is the underage does not know the right way to contraception. Nearly thirty percents of people who were know how to use a condom after aged 21 (Zi Teng, 2010). Also, most of the people in Hong Kong do not know the other way to contraception and disease prevention rather than using condom (Zi Teng, 2010). In this case, over eighty percents of people think that it is important for schools to provide sex education for children (CUHK, 2008). Also, over seventy percents of people support to make sex education to be an individual compulsory subject in primary and secondary school (CUHK, 2008). Lack of Sex Education Although Hong Kong government states that they has set up a well organized plan of sex education which will be held in preschool, primary school and secondary school, there still have a large number of cases which is about underage pregnancy.One of the main reason is sex education in Hong Kong is not an individual compulsory subject for all primary and secondary students. There are usually combine with other subjects such as General Studies in primary school, Ethics and Religious Studies in secondary school. The teachers who are teaching those subjects are not well trained on sex education and they may not have enough knowledge for teaching the right attitude of sexual activitie s to their students. Taboo of Sex In the Chinese society, there is always having a taboo of talking about sex. It might be possible for teachers to avoid those topics or just sketchy talk about those topics. According to Cheung Kin-Tai, the chairperson of Okamoto (Hong Kong) Limited Company says that one of their employees was brought a condom to his school for supporting his essay topic ‘My First Time’ while his secondary school life, his teacher was gave him a major demerit. Some of the school realized that there is lack of sex educations, so they will invite some organizations such as The Family Planning Association of Hong Kong, Mother’s Choice, etc. to held a number of sex education talks regularly to their students; however, Prof. Ng Man-Lun, a sex therapist, think that most of the schools are still taboo on sex education and the talks which be held in a school hall will create some barrier for students to learn from the talk, ‘the presenter is having a long distance with students for teaching how to use condom and students may not have a chance to touch it, or even watch it clearly, so how can they learn to use it? ’ Lack of Sex Education OutcomeAs the resources of putting onto sex education is not enough and the education plan was out of dated, it may leads to affect the attitude of students on sexual activities. According to the survey which was be held by Zi Teng and Okamoto (Hong Kong) Limited Company in 2010, it stated that only one third of the interviewees learn what condom is from the school. Also, 27. 4% of the interviewees know how to use condom after aged 21 and some of the interviewees know how to use condom when they are aged 60.Moreover, one of the questions asked the interviewees how to contraception or disease prevention rather than using condom and the answers from the interviewees were including stop sexual intercourse, other activities instead of sexual intercourse such as kiss, masturbation, etc. In addition, a number of interviewees think that using condom is not the right way to show their love to their partner and some of them think using condom while sexual intercourse is showing their distrust to their partner. Suggestion To decrease the number of underage pregnancy, there should have a number of improvements on sex education.In my suggestions, firstly, the Hong Kong government should make sex education as an individual compulsory subject in both primary and secondary school. According to a public survey which conducted by CUHK Social Work Department in 2008, ther e is 70. 1% interviewees support it to be a compulsory course in primary school and secondary school. Also, the Hong Kong government and schools should place more resources on educate teachers about sex educations so it may leads them to give out accurate information and teaching right attitudes to students on this topic.Moreover, schools should cooperate with the related organizations to hold a number of talks in a small group of students which should cover different areas such as contraception, puberty, etc. so students may feel easier to learn from the talks. Finally, educate a child is a cooperation between school and family. In this case, schools should hold some sex education talks to parents so parents can have the ability to educate their child during the family time. How to cite To What Extent Does Sex Education Exert Impact on Teenagers in Hong Kong, Papers

Basic TrainingMen And Women Together Essay Research free essay sample

Basic Training-Men And Women Together? Essay, Research Paper Should Men and Women Take Basic Training Together The Untied States Armed Forces consist of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines ; it has been in being for many old ages. The first measure of military life one time person joins is basic preparation. Merely as the name implies, it is here where a recruit learns the first accomplishments of being a warrior and how to contend conflicts. In the past, work forces and adult females did non develop together during basic preparation. Some Americans argue that work forces and adult females should develop together, while others feel that they should be separated. Men and adult females should be trained together during basic preparation because they become a cohesive unit, addition productivity, and extinguish segregation. Fist, developing work forces and adult females together during basic preparation must be so they become a cohesive unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic TrainingMen And Women Together Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Basic preparation is where recruits foremost learn to depend on one another, in order to make a common end. Why put work forces and adult females together in a high emphasis state of affairs for the first clip when they have neer worked together? For illustration, a good football squad is non put together to travel play games without first practicing. Likewise, our Armed Forces should # 8220 ; pattern # 8221 ; together before stepping out on the battleground. In add-on, work forces and adult females should develop together during basic preparation because it increases productivity. When work forces and adult females were joined together for the first clip on the battleground, it took some clip for them to work together efficaciously. In contrast, by go toing B asic preparation together, they learn how each other do certain things and adapt to it ; this increases productiveness and decreases the clip that it takes to finish a undertaking. For case, a signal caller on a football squad learns a receiver’s velocity and technique, hence finishing more base on ballss. Productivity is of import in today’s warfare because of all of the hi-tech arms. Our Armed Forces need to develop them together so that we can be more productive and win the conflicts with the least sum of casualties. Most of import, developing together during basic preparation is necessary because it eliminates segregation. Civilian occupations and work environments were required to integrate in the 1960 # 8217 ; s or face mulcts and punishments. In contrast, our military has been allowed to go on segregation between work forces and adult females. The United States is based on equality and equal rights ; adult females are every bit capable of developing with work forces than without work forces. It is non Constitutional right to maintain work forces and adult females separate during the most of import portion of developing our military. In drumhead, seting work forces and adult females together during basic preparation is of import to United States safety. By developing together from the start, they become a cohesive unit, addition productivity, and it works to extinguish segregation. Gone are the yearss when adult females are merely good for run uping uniforms and binding lesions. In the computing machine and engineering age, adult females are merely every bit capable as contending the war as work forces are. Basic preparation establishes the foreground to do adult females and work forces # 8220 ; be all that they can be # 8221 ; .

LOreal Essay Example

LOreal Paper Promotion refers to any marketing activities that are intended to inform, persuade or motivate current and potential customers into buying or supporting a product or service. So as a result of this the promotional mix is a combination of promotional methods used to communicate with target customers. The promotional mix is split up into eight main methods of promotion, these methods are; Using the corporate image. Public relations. Personal selling. Advertising. Exhibitions. Sponsorships. Direct marketing. Sales promotion. The first method I am going to look into for the promotional mix is Using the corporate image. This is when a company uses promotion through the reputation of their business. This can either be through either the company being very profitable or even being a green business that cares for the environment. The corporate image is the public perception of the company rather than a reflection of its actual state. We will write a custom essay sample on LOreal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on LOreal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on LOreal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The next method that Im going to be looking into in the promotional mix is Public relations. Public relations is the process of communication of a specific message to organisations stakeholders. The purpose of public relations is to achieve positive publicity from the customers or potential customers. Public relations has to be very effective and the way that this method can deliver being effective is by being planned and controlled and be ready to deal with any situations that arise and continue to deliver effective service over a long period. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Personal selling. Personal selling is face-to-face selling in which a seller attempts to convince a customer to make a purchase. A way that personal selling is used in the promotional mix is by increasing business sales, this can be done in two ways these are;   Cross-selling which is done by selling a product that is related to the product that the customer or potential customer has bought or is about to buy. An example of this is if a customer walked into a phone store and the employee persuades the customer to buy a phone case for the phone they have just purchased.   Up-selling is done if a customer walks into a store and is going to purchase a product or service and an employee persuades them to upgrade to get a more expensive better product than what they were looking for. By providing personal selling in the promotional mix it helps businesses to remain competitive against its competition. Another way that personal selling is used is by developing the customer care in the business by gathering feedback off the customers to see what they can improve or add to the service they are providing. This might be by training up staff better so they know more about all the products or services that the company offers so they can help customers make a better purchase. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Advertising. Advertising is used to promote a product or service; advertising can be done through celebrities. Such as the new Morrisons advert staring Freddy Flintoff, by using a celebrity in the advert is persuades the customers to shop their as a celebrity is being seen doing so themselves so they want to follow the celebrity trend. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Sponsorships. Companies use sponsorships as a way of advertising themselves to the public. An example of this is companies sponsoring the London 2012 Olympics such as McDonalds and Heineken. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Direct marketing. Direct marketing is a direct marketing communication with the customer. An example of direct marketing can be;   Direct mail.   Mail orders.   Tele-marketing.   Door to door distribution. The next method that Im going to look into in the promotional mix is Sales promotion. Sales promotion refers to the techniques and methods used by a business to sell its products to either customers or other businesses. Its main purpose is to get customers to purchase the product that the company is trying to sell. An example of this could be by offering a 10% discount to the product or service if you buy a particular newspaper. The first business I am going to look into is LOreal with the AIDA model. AIDA stands for; Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. The way LOreal grabs the attention of its customers or its potential customers is by Sponsorships. LOreal has sponsored Fiat Yamaha in the MotoGP and as a result of this they are placing the LOreal logo on their bikes that they will be racing on, because this logo is on the bikes it will attract people that are watching the MotoGP and will stick that business in peoples minds so it will gain attention of the business a lot more. Another way that LOreal will grab the attention of its customers and potential customers is by using the corporate image. As LOreal is a well established hair product brand it will stick in peoples minds when they think of shampoo as they are a top leader in this target market. The way LOreal gets the interest of its customers or its potential customers is by sales promotion. LOreal uses sales promotion on some of its products to get the customers attention of the product, this is sometimes used by using buy one get one free. LOreal mainly use sale promotion when a new product is launched so that the reputation of that product rises and customers become more aware of it, so as a result of this it gains the interest of the customers or potential customers. The way LOreal gains the desire of its customers or its potential customers is by advertising. LOreal uses advertising to gain the desire of the customer for the products that they are trying to sell, such as the LOreal advert for mens deodorant staring Eric Cantona, by seeing a celebrity using the product customers or potential customers instantly want it because it is being used by a celebrity and is deemed good to have. The way LOreal gets the action off the customers is by direct marketing. LOreal uses direct marketing to customers by sending them newsletters telling them personally about products that suits them by seeing what products they have bought before in the past that relates to the products they are trying to sell. As customers receive this newsletter that relates to what they usually buy they take the action of making a purchase of a new product to test it out and see what it is like. Another way LOreal gets the action off customers is by personal selling. LOreal uses personal selling in the form of cross-selling for some of its products by selling products that relate to the product they have already purchased such as if a customer bought moisturiser then employees for LOreal would try and sell them post balm. The communication model is used in advertising. The company encode the message which they are trying to get across to their current and potential customers in the television advertisements which the viewers will then decode the information in the way they perceive the message. The aim of this method is to persuade the customers to purchase the product in question. The way that LOreal creates an appropriate mix is by splitting up the mix into different categories, these are;   Short term and Long term goals the short term goal is to get the funds to make the new products and bring the new product out to the market. The long term goal is to make the product well established   Target market and exposure to the media the target market that LOreal are aiming for is both men and women between the ages of 16-65, they expose this to the media and aim their products to who they are aiming to, such as a girly magazine that targets teenagers.   Type of market the market that LOreal is in is cosmetics, skincare and head care.   Changing market conditions LOreal needs to take into account the recession so that they are bringing out products that customers can buy whilst money is an issue and spending has to be careful.   Budget and timing LOreal need to budget the products they are making so that the company doesnt make a loss by too many being made, not only this but the time to make the products cant be to long in case there is a huge demand for it. The next business I am going to look into is Compare the Market with the AIDA model. AIDA stands for; Attention, Interest, Desire and Action. The way that Compare the Market grabs the attention of its customers or its potential customers is by Sponsorships. Compare the Market has sponsored channel 4 drama and as a result of sponsoring channel 4 drama they have their advertisements placed before a number of television dramas such as ER, Brothers and Sisters and Shameless, because this advertisement is on the channel 4 breaks it will attract people that are watching the television and will stick that business in peoples minds so it will gain attention of the business a lot more. Another way that Compare the market will grab the attention of its customers and potential customers is by using the corporate image. As Compare the Market is a well established comparing website brand it will stick in peoples minds when they think of finding cheap insurance from their advertisements compare the meerkat, as they are a top leader in this target market. The way that Compare the Market gets the interest of its customers or its potential customers is by advertisements. This is done through people on the advertisement saying that they have saved x amount of money by using the website and how quick and easy it is to use. This gets the interest of the customers or potential customers as they realise that by going on the website they can save more money by comparing different insurance companies all on one page. The way that Compare the Market gains the desire of the customers or its potential customers is by advertisements. This is done by people knowing that by using this website you will only have to fill out your information once, and the rest will be done by the website. This gets the customer desired by only having to fill out information once instead of a lot of times on a number of different websites. Not only this but when on advertisements it tells you that on average people save around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 this gets them wanting to go on it. The way that Compare the Market gets the action of the customers or its potential customers is by people going on the webpage. Once there on the page and filled out their details and realise how cheap some of the insurance quotes are then they are more likely to make a purchase as it is so simple. The way that Compare the Market creates an appropriate mix is by splitting up the mix into different categories, these are;   Short term and Long term goals the short term goal for Compare the Market is to get the reputation up of the website. The long term goal for Compare the Market is to be the market leader in this market.   Target market and exposure to the media the target market for Compare the Market is between the ages of 17-80 both men and women.   Type of market Compare the Market is in the insurance market.   Changing market conditions in the recession a lot of car insurance companies decided to promote offers such as purchase a year car insurance and get the first two months free, as a result of this Compare the Market are able to market these deals.

Community Development and Its Role in the Public and Private Sector

Community Development and Its Role in the Public and Private Sector Introduction James and Susan (2009, p. 67) have defined community development as a set of activities taken by a group of people within a given society to eradicate poverty, social injustices and such other undesirable factors within a given society. It is a set of principles, practices and values that are geared towards making the society a better place to live in.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Community Development and Its Role in the Public and Private Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a long time, many countries have been looking for the government to undertake most of the development issues within the society. Even in countries that were practicing communism, the government was expected to direct most of the activities that were taking place within the society. As Rhonda and Robert (2009, p. 90) note, Russia was the leading communist state. However, the projects that were meant to bring development to the country were fostered by the government. In capitalist countries like the United States, individuals had to depend on themselves for development, and the state, for such issues as infrastructural developments. Community development begun in the United States of America in early 1960swhen some citizens noted some serious disparities within the society. There was a huge gap between the rich and the poor. These specific individuals noted that although the government was doing much to ensure that every member of the society was uplifted both socially and economically, this effort was not translating to direct benefits for the lower members of the society. Those who were benefiting from this program were the richer society members. There was therefore a need to devise other methods to ensure that all the society members were liberated from poverty and other social injustices. Community development gained popularity very fast. People begun to realize that this was the best way throug h which the society would be developed was through an effort made from all the members of the society (Balshem 1993, p. 62).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Community development was viewed as the strategy through which the communities would be developed. From the United States, it spread to other countries like Canada and other developed nations. In the mid eighties, a number of philanthropists noted with concern that African countries and other developing nations were ridden with poverty among other social evils. The gap between the governed and the governors was big, and these societies were not enlightened in many fronts. Community development was therefore the only way through which these societies could be developed. Currently, community development is seen as a very important approach of enhancing a prosperous society both in the developed and developing nations . The Concept of Community Development Community development is a concerted effort made by members of a given society that is geared towards the development of a given society. Jerry (2011, p. 54) argues that community development is an principle taken by moderate capitalists to ensure that although members of the society are to work for themselves to achieve specific goals in life, other well endowed members of the society should make an effort to ensure that they help the less fortunate. Community development may take various fronts. As Lee (1989, p. 78) explains, the empowerment of the society may take social, economical or religious front. The most important concern of community development is the attainment of the basic needs. Margaret (2011, p. 23) notes that community development is currently viewed as being relevant in the developing countries, a concept that is very misleading. When it was started, community development was to ensure that people were empowered in the three aspects named above. However, it was noted that before a person is empowered economically, other fronts of empowerment may not make sense. A person who is hungry may not understand the need to actively participate in the leadership of a given country. As such, economic empowerment was given the first priority. Most of the developed societies do not have serious problem with the basic economic requirements. For this reason, the economic front of community development has been relevant in the developing nations. The other front of community development is the political front. There has been need to ensure people participate in the leadership of the country. They should influence the way their country is governed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Community Development and Its Role in the Public and Private Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Low (2000, p. 81) says that leadership starts from within the community. Go od leadership within a given community would lead to desired results. As such, every members of the society would be required to participate actively in determining the direction that the leadership takes within that particular community. Just like economic empowerment, economic empowerment is much needed in the developing countries. In many developed democracies like Australian, members of the society understands the need to actively participate in the leadership of the country. Community development may also take the social approach. Civilization is one of the most controversial words in the current world. Each society considers itself civilized in its own front. An American, civilized in the western culture, would be astounded by the cultural practices of the Indians. They may consider the respect Indians accord cows as a backward behavior that is passed by time. On the other hand, a Russian would be perplexed at the practices of the Muslims. An African would similarly be uncomfo rtable with the practices of the west (Hasson Ley 1994, p. 29). Each of these societies would therefore have their own ways of defining civilization. However, there are some cultural practices of some societies that have been considered as archaic by most societies in the world. For instance, some African societies would offer human offerings as a sacrifice to their gods when they needed rain or any other blessings that they believed could only come from god. Other still practice female genital mutilation. Such practices are inhumane because they result into serious harm to the specific individuals of the society. On social front therefore, community development seeks to ensure that cultural practices of a given society do not in any way result into harm to other members of the society (Qiu 2006, p. 36). It strives to ensure that the practices of the society are acceptable universally and that all the members of the society are treated equally and with the respect they deserve, irr espective of gender, color, religion or any other demographical groupings. The practice should also be geared towards the betterment of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the foregoing, it is evident that community development is one of the ways through which the society may develop without having to depend on other members of the society. It would take effort of both the public and private sectors to ensure that a given society is developed in all the fronts. Community Development and the Public Sector There has been need to have a ‘perfect’ community. Even among the developed nations, there has always been a feeling that something is missing. Recently, there was a public rebellion in Britain, one of the countries that are considered as the most developed in the world. In United States, there is pressure for the government to ensure that its citizens get employed as per their qualifications. Other developed nations also have their own concerns that they feel should be addressed in order to have the ideal community. This need is even more among the developing nations. According to Robbins (2007, p. 20), most of the developed nations have a lot of challenges economically, socially and politically. The government, through its public sectors, has the obligation to ensure that its citizens are provided with various facilities that would ensure their well being. Such facilities may include among others, hospitals, schools, accessibility to waters, source of employment among others. These are facilities that are very basic, and a community may not be considered complete without them. Basically, the government would be expected to provide the above facilities to the community (Visser 2010, p. 31). However, it is common to find that the government has failed in one or two of the above requirements. In such occurrences, there must be a means of ensuring that the facilities that the government cannot provide are provided for through others means. Community development has been one of the strategies through which communities have ensured that they are able to achieve beyond what the government cannot provide. This has ma de the work of the government easier. Because members of the society would be willing to support some of its projects, it can redirect its finances to other projects. Relevance of Community Development in the Public Sector Community development is very relevant in the public sector. As Martine (2008, p. 89) states, in order to ensure prosperity of a given society, there is need to involve every member of the society. Government effort alone may not achieve the best results that the society expects. Community development is the best strategy that can be applied to ensure that the society is developed in all fronts. Government may build a hospital within a given location of a community. However, this facility may either be too far for a section of the society, or it may not be well equipped to serve the need of all the members of the society. Through community development, other well endowed members of the society may consider improving the facility, by either offering to buy the faci lities needed for the hospital or building other supportive clinics that may help decongest the existing government health facility (Zhao 2011, p. 37). This combined effort by the government and members of the society would make it easy for the society to realize its dreams with much ease. Similarly, government may build a school. However, the community should come in to finance the school as per their own expectations. Supplementing government effort in this manner makes it easy to have such infrastructural developments much easier. Through this partnership, the government would find it ease in achieving its development goals. It would be easy to ensure that projects that require huge investments are completed within the desirable time. Resistance of Community Development within the Public Sector The benefits that community development offers the public sector is as numerous as can be seen above. However, at times there arises some resistance towards community development by the pu blic sector. The first conflict always arises due to conflict of interest. The effort of the community development team may seem to be conflicting with the government effort. This is especially so when the empowerment is on the political front (Hofstede 2005, p. 68). Some countries, especially in the aristocratic and dictatorial leaderships, governments have been keen to ensure that the community remains less empowered politically. This makes it easy for the government to manipulate them. When an organization comes in to sensitize the society on their rights to actively participate in the leadership of the society, it would be viewed as a direct interference to the efforts of the government and this would be met by resistance. In some extreme cases, some governments have been keen to ensure that the community remains less empowered economically. As Meng (2010, p. 73) once said, it is very easy to control the less economically empowered members of the society because they will be str uggling to get the basics in the society. An effort to empower such a society economically will be met by some form of resistance. Some cases may involve conflicting priorities. Community development team may have a priority that may be contrasting that of the government. In such cases, the government may be trying to implement a policy across the whole country. However, the community may have a different view as to what project they need most urgently. As such, community development may meet some form of resistance from the private sector. When the private sector fails to support community development, the projects may take longer than the expected duration, or at times it may completely fail. This is because the private sector is a major financer of community development projects. Withdrawing their financial assistance may mean that such projects would have to get other alternative financial sources in order to be implemented. If such alternative financing fail to come, the projec t may completely stall. Community Development and the Private Sector Community development is also very important in the private sector. Just like the public sector, private sector is also geared towards ensuring that the community is developed. The private sector works in a similar front as public sector but as different entities. The private sector stands to gain a lot in case of the success of the projects set forth for community development. Through community development, such micro-finance facilities may be developed to empower the society economically. When such facilities are developed, the private sector stands to benefit a lot because their financing solutions would have been made easier. Through an effort of community development facilitators and government, such infrastructures like roads can be developed. As such, the private sectors would find it easy to undertake their activities through improved transport system. Such other facilities as hospitals and availability of water would make it easy for the private sector to undertake their duties. They would be working in an environment that has basic infrastructural requirements. Resistance of Community Development within the Private Sector Although the private sector has a lot to benefit from community development, there has been some form of resistance from some quarters. The main form of resistance always comes from competing interests. Some of the activities of community development offer direct challenge to the private sector. According to Hakim (2000, p. 79), most of the projects undertaken in community development are always meant to ensure that the community is economically empowered. Some of the projects may involve starring businesses for some members of the society. This would directly affect the section of the private sector that was involved in that particular business. In this case, the private sector would not view community development as a partner in the development of the society, bu t a competitor that threatens to push it out of the market. Just like any other competitor, community development would face a lot of resistance from the private sector. In some cases, community development may pose a real threat to community development. For instance, some not for profit organizations would offer free medications to the public as a way of ensuring that the community has good health. However, this would have direct negative effect to the private firms like pharmacies. Resistance of Community Development within itself There arise situations where resistance would come from the concerned individuals that are involved in undertaking certain projects in community development. As stated above, community development refers to principles and values geared towards ensuring that a given community is liberated. Because different people would reason differently, the principles that a given party would support may be different from what another party would have. Anarchy may ari se especially when both parties insist on their strategies as being the best. One party may accuse the other of bringing strategies that do not work, while the other may also view the other group as fronting strategies that are not workable. Such antagonistic relationship within community development itself poses great challenge to prosperity of the intended projects. Much of the resources would be spent on choosing which approach to take in undertaking certain duties. Furthermore, even after one approach is taken, the party whose strategy was not taken would most likely fail to support the project. On the contrary, they may bring in strategies that would ensure that the project fails just to prove that their strategy would have worked better were it to be chosen. Caves (2007, p. 36) says that most projects would fail because of such misunderstanding. Besides government interferences, this scholar notes that in-fights among the implementing partners is the most destructive factor th at would interfere with the success of community development. Conclusion Community development is one of the best ways through which a given society can develop its structures. It started out in the United States in early sixties as a way of ensuring that members of the society who were economically challenged get elevated economically. Community development was also motivated by the need to have a society where equality of the citizens is respected both socially and politically. It moved to other countries when people realized that it was the best approach through which different societies could be developed. Currently, community development is very popular in the developing countries. In these countries, there is a serious need to ensure economic empowerment as other members of the society live on deplorable conditions. This has made community development be viewed as an approach fit for the developing nations. However, it is very helpful both to the developed and developing natio ns. Community development has a lot to offer to the public and private sector. To the public sector, it helps in ensuring that the infrastructure is developed. Through this combined effort, a given community would be able to develop such facilities as schools, hospitals and other related facilities. To the private sector, community development comes as a tool that allows the concerned involved to work in collaboration to ensure that the society is self sufficient. Community development is very vital to the private sector. Through it, the infrastructure of a given society will be developed. When such facilities as roads, banking institutions and even hospitals are developed, the private sector would find it very easy to progress in their activities. Despite the obvious benefits community development has to offer to the public and private sectors, it has met some resistance from both of these sectors and within itself. From the public sector, many government or government institutions view the activities involved in community development as a challenge to their leadership, or conflicting their own projects. For this reason, such public sectors may fail to support the projects for the community development. This would pose a challenge to the success of these projects. To the private sector, some of the project may pose challenge to their prosperity, hence making them view community development as an impediment to their development. Within community development itself, there may be resistance, especially when there seems to be a contradiction in the approach that should be taken to accomplish a given project. List References Balshem, M 1993, Cancer in the community: Class and medical authority, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. Caves, RE 2007, Multinational enterprise and economic analysis, Cambridge University Press, London. Hakim, C 2000, Research Design: Sucessful Designs for Social and Economic Research, Routledge, New York. Hasson, S Ley D 1994, Nei ghborhood organization and the Welfare State, University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Hofstede, G 2005, Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. 2nd edn, Sage, London. James, D Susan, S 2009, The Community Development Reader, Taylor Francis, New York. Jerry, W 2011, Introduction to Community Development: Theory, Practice, and Service-Learning, SAGE, London. Lee, C 1989, Community Development as a Process, University of Missouri Press, New York. Low, N 2000, Consuming cities: the urban environment in the global economy after the Rio Declaration, Routledge, London. Margaret, L 2011, Community Development: A Critical Approach The Policy Press. New York. Martine, G 2008, The new global frontier urbanization, poverty and environment in the 21st century, Earthscan, London. Meng, X 2010, The great migration: rural-urban migration in China and Indonesia, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Qiu, X.2006, A case of two cities, St. Martins Minotaur, New York. Rhond a, P Robert, H 2009, An Introduction to Community Development, Taylor Francis, New York. Robbins, P 2007, Encyclopedia of environment and society, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Visser, R 2010, Cities surround the countryside: urban aesthetics in post-socialist China. Duke University Press, Durham. Zhao, J 2011, Towards sustainable cities in China analysis and assessment of some Chinese cities in 2008, Springer, New York.

The Legacy of World War I in Africa

The Legacy of World War I in Africa When World War I broke out, Europe had already colonized much of Africa, but the need for manpower and resources during the war led to the consolidation of colonial power and sowed the seeds for future resistance. Conquest, Conscription, and Resistance When the war began, the European powers already had colonial armies comprised of African soldiers, but conscription demands increased substantially during the war as did resistance to those demands. France conscripted more than a quarter of a million men, while Germany, Belgium, and Britain recruited tens of thousands more for their armies. Resistance to these demands was common. Some men attempted to emigrate within Africa to avoid conscription for armies who in some cases had only recently conquered them. In other regions, conscription demands fueled existing discontent leading to full-scale uprisings. During the war, France and Britain ended up fighting anti-colonial uprisings in the Sudan (near Darfur), Libya, Egypt, Niger, Nigeria, Morocco, Algeria, Malawi, and Egypt, as well as a brief insurrection on the part of Boers in South Africa sympathetic to the Germans. Â   Porters and their families: the forgotten casualties of World War I The British and German governments - and especially the white settler communities in East and South Africa - did not like the idea of encouraging African men to fight Europeans, so they mostly recruited African men as porters. These men were not considered to be veterans, since they did not fight themselves, but they died in scores all the same, especially in East Africa. Subject to harsh conditions, enemy fire, disease, and inadequate rations, at least 90,000 or 20 percent of porters died serving in the African fronts of World War I. Officials acknowledged that the actual number was probably higher. As a point of comparison, approximately 13 percent of mobilized forces died during the War. During the fighting, villages were also burned and food seized for the use of troops. The loss of manpower also affected the economic capacity of many villages, and when the final years of the war coincided with a drought in East Africa, many more men, women, and children died. To the Victors go the Spoils After the war, Germany lost all of its colonies, which in Africa meant it lost the states known today as Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Namibia, Cameroon, and Togo. The League of Nations considered these territories to be unprepared for independence and so divided them up between Britain, France, Belgium, and South Africa, who were supposed to prepare these Mandate territories for independence. In practice, these territories looked little different from colonies, but ideas about imperialism were starting to shift. In the case of Rwanda and Burundi the transfer was doubly tragic. Belgian colonial policies in those states set the stage for the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and the lesser-known, related massacres in Burundi. The war also helped politicize populations, however, and when a Second World War came, the days of colonization in Africa would be numbered. Sources: Edward Paice, Tip and Run: The Untold Tragedy of the Great War in Africa. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2007. Journal of African History. Special Issue: World War I and Africa, 19:1 (1978). PBS, World War I Casualty and Death Tables, (Accessed January 31, 2015).

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Music - Essay Example For example, for Muslim, chanting of the Koran is not musical while for a Christian, chanting or any form of rhythm that has melodic structure is considered musical. Therefore, bringing together individuals in Eastern Europe can be a hard task. For the Southern America part, there exist many cultures that are diverse in nature and require to be united. The larger part is the Afro-American individuals, the Irish and the Southerners. The most dominant language used is English, although they have different cultural belief for music. While in china, there is not much of the variation of cultures apart from the various dynasties. As a result, most of their cultures are in harmony with each other. Managed culturalism has enabled the areas to be able to adapt various cultures in music. For example, the Chinese can perform South American music and vice versa. In some instances, some cultures have fused their music like form the Eastern Europe fused music with the Afro-Americans music. The ma in purpose for cultural fusion in music culture of these areas is to make their culture to be more diverse in nature. Music culture differs in these areas due to the varied instruments that they use, the harmonies that they use and the type of music that are chosen for each event. Western musical styles and their impacts to the rest of the world Western musical culture has remained a great influence to the rest of the world. Some may be the classical nature of their music that most of the world has currently adapted into their system. Western musical styles have been used in various ways as it can be evidenced that some schools form the Asian background and Africa are performing Scottish dances, classical pieces and even most of the playing games originated from the western musical style. The positive impact is that, the rest of the world is able to adapt to the various cultures of music from the rest of the world. It is advantageous to see Scottish dances being performed by an Afri can country and it also promotes cohesiveness and anti-racism. The negative impact is that, adoption of the western style of music has made most of the original cultures to be conjugated or some even have become lost hence, no original style of music for some cultures globally. Indian music culture Indian music culture has impacted greatly on the western culture. Indians have a diverse musical culture and diverse instruments. In most of their performances, they use wind instruments for performance and have very melodic lines that are in most cases highly pitched in nature. The west has adopted some of the music cultures from India. It is mainly the classical genres of pieces that have been most impacted by Indian Classical music. This is attributed to the fact that, most pieces from the Indian culture have been arranged by various western musicians such that they sound as classical pieces. Indonesian popular music has the similarities of popular music that are played currently. With modern music, there exists some form of rock fused with R and B which can be seen in Indian popular music. R and B is a characteristic that is evident in most of the upcoming popular music in Indonesia. Popular music has greatly changed most of the genres in the world. For example, Asian culture or tradition has been conjugated with popular characteristics of music, while some of the Asian cultures have been adapted to fit

The History of drag racing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of drag racing - Essay Example I find the title of the documentary movie very descriptive. Slingshot was an ancient weapon used mainly for accelerating an object towards its target. Therefore, the title stick out as the movie tries to unravel how this sporting event started many years ago. Even before opening the movie, the title thus gave me the idea of what I was to expect as far as its content is concerned. I like the idea of how the young men decided to go to the dry riverbeds and desert environment to compete amongst themselves. There were no rules and regulation in the 1930s regulating such dangerous activities. So I find moving away from the general public in Southern California was a great idea for the young men who were not afraid of speed and injuries. I was amused by their choice of the dry lakes of Mojave Desert as their field since it is a pretty dusty environment. After all, I think the sport was a dirty game of trying to outscore each other taken too far. I however find it interesting to discover that even during the domestication of the horse long time ago; young men would challenge each other on matters of speed. I believe any event however entertaining; lack of organisation is a recipe for its failure in the long-run. I was a little bit taken aback that the rowdy youth saw the need for organising their risky activity despite having the most outrageous desire that can cross any mind of a sane person. Two locations that really stands out that helped in the advancement of drag racing is Goleta, north of Santa Barbara and Santa Ana Airport, which came into use in 1949 and 1950 respectively. I like the way their idea of using Goleta as a venue of streamlining drag racing. However, the thought of using an airport to conduct their businesses is a clear indication that the young men were ready to move their love for speed a notch higher establishing codified rules and

Plato Essay Example for Free

Plato Essay Socrates gets Laches to agree to a new definition of courage by arguing that not all cases of courage are a sort of endurance. He asks Laches if he would consider courage to be noble to which Laches replies he would. Socrates then asks him would he consider foolish endurance to be seen as hurtful,to which Laches also agrees. With this in mind Laches agrees to a new definition of courage to include only wise endurance. 2/5 2. They conclude that knowledge of a virtue such as courage isnt seen as being normal in the way hat it is,but being the kind of thing that is known consciously and spoken. Somebody who can talk about the subject of courage but dont do well in battle,would have no real insight into what most people would consider courage. 0/5 3. Socrates argues for this conclusion by saying there could be some objection to the claim that courage is both foolish and wise. Firstly,wise courage gives you the belief that you are doing the right thing,but dont have to,but by believing you have wise courage,it is the best thing to stay and fight. However,knowing you havnt the resources for battle,but are considered brave enough to stay and fight anyway,surely this can be seen as both foolish and wise courage. 2/5 4. Socrates asks Laches if he knows the nature of virtue and would they tell others of it. Laches agrees to both questions allowing Socrates to test Laches own knowledge of virtue. He asks him about the part of virtue that is relevant to the art of fighting in armour – courage. Socrates then asks Laches to take into account the actions of the Sythian cavalry who fought bravely whilst running way. These examples are of a courageous nature but do not fit Laches example of courage. Socrates then asks Laches about the nature of courage of the soldiers who man there posts,but adds also about the courage of people in general,wether in battle,politics. poverty or fear. He reinforces his argument by using the example of â€Å"quickness which may be found in running, speaking or playing the lyre. In this case Socrates states that the definition as the quality that does a lot in very little time. Laches has to come up with an idea of courage that takes into account all ideas in which a person might be courageous. One objection that might be made to one of Socrates arguments is that it may only seem like he wants to impress upon Laches that it is possible to have any sort of knowledge of courage at all because Socrates says that the only genuine piece of knowledge he can have is that he knows nothing in the first place. But,as there isnt anybody that knows enough about courage to speak f it,maybe we should take into account Laches continuing courageous behaviour as a kind of knowledge,rather than it being known concsiously and spoken,courage may be the only thing to be considered as an example. Someone who speaks for hours about courage but is cowardly during battle,would have little knowledge of courage. This example is about spoken knowledge and is amplified again by Socrates when he asks Laches to try and embody the very courage and endurance he is looking for in his quest. 18/35

Queen Elizabeth I Essay -- Biology

She was never married and was known as the "Virgin Queen" because she had no children. She brought England a victory when beating Spain, at the time the most powerful country in the world, in war. Her birth was a disappointment because her father wanted a boy so he could be King. Who was this interesting and bold person? Queen Elizabeth I. Brave and intelligent, Queen Elizabeth I achieved many important thing when she was Queen and England would never be the way it is now if it wasn't for her. Queen Elizabeth I was born on September 7, 1533. Her father was Henry VIII and her mother was Anne Boleyn ("Elizabeth I, Queen of England" par 1). Elizabeth's birthplace was at Greenwhich Palace, England ("Elizabeth I Biography" par 2). When she was born her father did not even want a girl so Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536 for suspicion of infidelity. Elizabeth father had married and she had Edward VI and Mary as her half siblings. She grew up without a mothers care but was intelligent and well educated. Elizabeth knew a number of languages and loved music("Elizabeth I, Queen of England" par 1 and 9). Elizabeth was taught by famous scholars such as William Grindal and Roger Asham. She did enjoy many recreations including horseback riding, hawking, hunting, and bear baiting ("Elizabeth I Biography" par 5 and 8). Through her early childhood she wasn't really considered the next queen or great ruler. Elizabeth was just considered the Kings daughter and was actually barely seen by him ("Queen Elizabeth I" par 9). Something other that was very present in her life was that she inherited a feud between the Catholics and Protestants ("Elizabeth I 1558-1603 AD" par 2). Queen Elizabeth's father died in January of 1547 ("Elizabeth I Biography" ... ... thought of it as "The Golden Age". Even though she didn't have a huge impact on the world, Queen Elizabeth I was able to bring her citizens together after they were in poverty. People started to believe a man can lead a war just as well as a woman ("Elizabeth Tudor" par 9-10). Queen Elizabeth had a "live or die" situation when she went out to fight in war instead of being guarded in her castle. She wanted to die fighting with her people ("The Spanish Armada" par 11). Elizabeth had a friend named Robert Dudley that she knew since she was eight years old. He had a big influence in her life because he was such a friend to her ( "Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester" par 2). Finally Elizabeth wanted to be known as "Gods Vessel on Earth ("Elizabeth I and the Church" par 3)." I have the heart of a man. not a woman, and I am not afraid of anything. (Queen Elizabeth I)

Air Transport Industry

Air transport is one of the integral parts of the tourism industry that has largely contributed positively to the global tourism industry. The advancement in air transport industry coupled with improvement in communication and information technology over the decades has seen the quality of the air travel improve in standard and reduction in the cost of air tickets hence increase in traffic of tourists frequenting destinations that were otherwise deemed inaccessible or too expensive. The great strides were taken in ensuring the safety of air transport, reducing the cost to make air travels accessible to a bigger audience and increased ports have seen the tourism industry flourish enormously (Duval, 2013). Although other forms of transport supplement air transport, particular tourist destinations are wholly dependent on air transport. This explains how essential air transport is to the tourism industry. This paper seeks to address the correlation between the tourism industry and transport industry and in particular air transport and analyze its range of influence on the tourism industry as well as its economic impact. Air transport is a crucial segment of the extensive travel and tourism sector. According to world statistics, about 75 percent of the world international tourists use air transport. In some tourist destinations, air transport is the only means of transport (Duval, 2013). These increasing statistics of more tourists is due to law of better taxes that are considerate. Cost of air transport deeply influences the tourist`s choice of the destination as well as other tourism products. However, the improved technology by which larger aircraft have been developed that can carry a large number of passengers hence reducing the cost of an individual ticket. Additionally, the ability to cover long distances within a short timeline has made air transport stand out as the ideal method of transport preferred by a bigger percentage of tourist globally. Accessibility of the tourist destination is one of the factors that influence the development of tourism in any particular place. A region may have spectacular landscapes that would rake in tons of dollars earned from tourism, but if it is inaccessible, then it may never be of any help. However, thanks to the advancement in air transport, places that were previously considered inaccessible are now reachable. For instance, the Kalahari Desert in Africa is now a hub of tourist destination. Travels around the globe are now measured regarding hours not as previously, which was regarding days of months. The efficient network of air travels the most convenient. This has seen a sharp increase in some tourist arrivals in every single part of the world. For instance, according to the Panama central statistics office, an analysist of tourist arrival in 2007 was 79,223, which was an increase from the 2006 figure, which was 769,897. This was a growth rate of about 3.7 percent. This growth was due to the increase in some aircraft as well as plane seat capacity. The economic impacts as a result of an increase in tourist in-flow due to improved air transport are numerous. For instance, government benefits from the contribution to the government revenues generated by taxes imposed tourism- related businesses such as the hotels, employee`s taxes, tax on goods and services offered to the tourists and departure taxes. Apart from the government, private investors owning the hotels, small aircrafts used to transport tourists locally benefits a lot. There is also a range of jobs created directly from the tourism industry such as drivers, cooks, restaurants, souvenir shops as well as nightclub operates (Graham, 2013). There are also pilots who operate the planes transporting the tourists. The benefits accrued to increased tourism activities as a result of improved airline transport are numerous. According to a study conducted by the World Tourism Organization, the estimate of tax contribution imposed directly or indirectly on travel and tourism; related activities worldwide amounted to US$ 850 billion in 2001 a figure expected to triple by 2020. The statistic indicates how a well-organized and customer friendly system of transport can be of importance as far as economic development is concerned. These funds are channeled in different government projects such as infrastructure, which benefits the general public hence improving their condition of living. Air transport has helped the tourism industry to spread worldwide. The economic benefits gained from improved air transport about the tourism industry are many. The government has benefitted by earning taxes that are used to fund sustainable development projects such as roads construction while many business people and individuals have benefited from the tourism industry as either employees or owners of the facilities used by the tourism. Improving air transport even further will make it even further will make it even cheaper hence more affordable to a bigger population, this will mean a definite increase in the tourism industry since there will be more tourist who is able and willing to visit many tourist destination sites around the globe and more often hence increased revenue to the various related to sectors (Graham, 2013). Harnessing this revenue properly can mean improving the gross domestic revenues of host countries around the world hence improving their economy (Buckley, 2012). Also, air transport will improve global tourism industry by opening up remote places that were previously less known to the world. This means due to the easy of transport; more tourist will be able to frequent these destination hence indirectly improving the economic statues of these remote places. Most world tourist destinations depend almost completely on air travel services for the transportation of tourists. This means air services are a necessary component in the success of global tourism industry. The economic impacts resulting from increased tourism activities due to air services benefit both the government and individual contained in the tourism industry. Improved air service is the only way that the only way that the global tourism industry can thrive. This is already evidenced by the emergence of airbuses and low-cost carriers, which are quite affordable enabling even a more significant number of tourists to visit different destinations of their choice and more often. ReferencesBuckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528-546.Duval, D. T. (2013). Critical issues in air transport and tourism. Tourism Geographies, 15(3), 494-510.Graham, A. (2013). Managing Airports 4th edition: An international perspective. Routledge

Common Ground on Child Beauty Pageants Essay

I’m sure you all have seen the TV show â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras.† It is a show about young children competing in beauty pageants to win a place in a higher ranked pageant, money, and the ownership of a winning title. Many people think differently about the show and the pageants. Some are all for the pageants and some are against them. People who are against the pageants complain that they should be eliminated because they exploit children and place them in harm’s way. They claim because of major dangers; no one under the age of eighteen should be placed in a beauty pageant. The children who are in the pageants are dressed up in adult’s clothing, have piles of make up on, and are harming their bodies. They are harming their bodies by putting the make up on and tanning. By putting make up on at such young of an age, their face ages faster. By tanning, they begin to get that urge that some adults have to tan, which makes their skin age and have wrinkles early. It also puts them at the risk of having skin cancer at an early age. They say it also appeals the children to sexual predators. When a child is half naked on stage and sometimes on TV, these sexual predators see them and may even try to meet them. Sexual predators are only part of the problem. Studies show that every child who may benefit from the competition, hundreds of others suffer damage to their self-esteem and have warped self-vision of themselves and their bodies. Many times, they use JonBenet, a young child who competed in these pageants at the age of six. She was murdered in the basement of her home by a sexual predator. The suspect claimed he became aware of her by the pageants being on television. People who are for the pageants and the TV shows claim that it brings their children fame and confidence. When a child has worked hard on a routine and they get on stage and accomplish it, there is no better reward than the applause and praise from the audience and family. Some also say that the tanning and make up does not harm their skin, it just makes them feel prettier. Someone once told me that when a person looks at themselves in the mirror, and they have their hair and make-up done, they feel better about themselves. That is what many moms claim their children feel whenever they have their make-up done, outfits on, and hair done. Moms of pageant children say that when their child has worked hard, and they have their name called on stage for a winning title, there is no happier feeling. They have worked and accomplished their goal. Call it what you want, but people have their own opinions. Some people think pageants hurt a child, and some think they help a child. Both of them could be right, depending on the child’s standpoint. If a child’s dream is to be in pageants, I would let that child fulfill their dream. What would you do? Works Cited Page Hilboldt-Stolley, Lise. â€Å"Pretty Babies.† Good Housekeeping 228.2 (1999): 102. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 10 Dec. 2012.

HR and Globalization essays

HR and Globalization essays The world of work has always been subject to continuous and ever evolving transformations and changes. Change is essential in an organization. Technology has changed the way we work and live. In the pre-industrial era, workers lived in isolation; they crafted goods required at their homes and farmspeople worked hard at being self-sufficient. The industrial revolution in the past century changed our way of life. People moved to cities and townspre-determined by the locations of factories and industries. The new worker was often taught a single skill that was used repetitively in mass productionin an assembly-line setup. Whereas in the past, an individual sold goods and produce that he or she personally created or grew, the modern day worker sold his time. (Curry, 2003) The Human Resource Department's functions have changed and the department is taking on more duties and responsibilities than in the past. The HR department is becoming a strategic partner for the organization as it holds the most important asset a company possesses under its controlthe human asset. The human asset cost is currently a major portion of the expenses that organizations face. Technology, the Internet and globalization of the market have drastically changed the way most organizations operate. Knowing and understanding the variables affecting the present day organizations and the models that the modern HR departments prefer will help organizations to use their human resource asset more effectively. More than physical and other resources, changing the mindset and the human factor will ultimately come to represent the new competitive edge for a Communicating the goals and mission of the company effectively to all employees...

An Overview of Territories of the World

An Overview of Territories of the World While there are fewer than two hundred independent countries in the world, there are more than sixty additional territories that are under the control of another independent country. There are several definitions of territory but for our purposes, we are concerned with the most common definition, presented above. Some countries consider certain internal divisions to be territories (such as Canadas three territories of Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon Territory or Australias Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory). Likewise, while Washington D.C. is not a state and effectively a territory, it is not an external territory and thus not counted as such. Another definition of territory usually is found in conjunction with the word disputed or occupied. Disputed territories and occupied territories refer to places where the jurisdiction of the place (which country owns the land) is not clear. The criteria for a place being considered a territory are fairly simple, especially when compared to those of an independent country. A territory is simply a external piece of land claimed to be a subordinate location (in regards to the main country) that is not claimed by another country. If there is another claim, then the territory can be considered a disputed territory. A territory will typically rely on its mother country for defense, police protection, courts, social services, economic controls and support, migration and import/export controls, and other features of an independent country. With fourteen territories, the United States has more territories than any other country. The territories of the U.S. include: American Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Wake Island. The United Kingdom has twelve territories under its auspices. The United States Department of State provides a nice listing of more than sixty territories along with the country that controls the territory.

Trade at global level Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Trade at global level - Dissertation Example Methodology is considered as the systematic use of the statistical methods to explore different research questions. A consistent and effective use of statistical methods therefore also offers researchers an insight into what is achievable and what is not. Considering the overall nature of this research study, researcher is anticipating conducting a qualitative research study. Qualitative research methods such as interviews and review of the existing literature will be performed in order to gather the data. Based on the overall nature of the study, researcher aims to take out 3 to 5 international firms in UK which are engaged into the global trade business. A questionnaire will be developed to ask semi-structured questions from the managers of these firms to understand and explore as to what methods they adapt in order to successfully trade at the global level and how these decisions are made.Principal IssueThe overall principal issue is to explore and understand through a combination of qualitative and quantitative research as to what are some of the ways which international firms adapt in order to engage into the global trade. Besides, this research study will also explore as to how these decisions are made i.e. what factors are taken into consideration in order to make the decision on entry mode for doing business at international level.At this stage, researcher is not anticipating to use any external resources however internal resources such as use of online databases as well as university library.... The aim of the Research Since global trade has became so large that its impact can be easily felt on the economy and society of any given country. Considering such an overall importance of the global trade, this research study will therefore aim to explore and understand the different dynamics of working in a global market. The focus will therefore be on understand both the macro level as well as micro level factors which are taken into consideration before firms actually make decisions to engage into global trade. The overall aim of the research is to explore and understand as to how the international firms operate into global market and some of the ways as to how global trade takes place. This research study will therefore aim to explore as to what different strategic options are exercised by UK firms to enter into global trade and how such options are exercised. Research Questions This research study aim to explore following research questions 1. What methods UK firms adapt to con duct trade at global level? This research question will focus on exploring as to what are some of the common and preferred modes of entry by the UK firms. 2. How such decisions are made? What are some of the criteria firms use in order to decide as to which mode of entry would be effective? This research question will focus on exploring as to which factors are considered as most important while making decisions to engage into the trade at the international level. Method and Sampling Methodology is considered as the systematic use of the statistical methods to explore different research questions. A consistent and effective use of statistical methods therefore also offers researchers an insight into what is achievable and what is not. Considering

Ethical leadership in the modern business market Essay

Ethical leadership in the modern business market - Essay Example Although seeking to understand each and every aspect of the way that ethics have shifted and changed in the years that make up the XXI century would require a thesis length response, this brief analysis will seek to understanding and briefly enumerate upon the key differentials that have come to exist within ethics of the XXI century as opposed to those that existed earlier. Furthermore, the analysis will give a particular level of discussion with regards to the means by which the recent global financial collapse was ultimately precipitated and aided by the complete disregard for ethical standards. Perhaps the most salient and important aspect of ethics that have changed within the XXI century is the level to which ethics have come to be differentiated upon the terms of both personal and systemic. If one briefly considers the way that a large company handled business back before the turn of the XXI century they would come to note that the company placed a high degree of emphasis on honesty of the employees and/or shareholders as a fundamental requirement that might be espoused (Brenkert, 2010). However, namely missing from such an ethical interpretation of company needs would be the reciprocal understanding that it was the sworn duty of the form to exhibit such a level of ethical responsibility with regards to both the employees as well as the end consumer. In this way, ethical considerations of the previous era were more focused on profitability and how the company may wish to safeguard its assets, inclusive of employees, while completely disregarding the ethical responsibilit ies that management/leadership espoused with relation to the rest of the system (Cuillla, 2011). This should of course not be understood to mean that all firms during this time were disrespectful to the ethical considerations that they must necessarily espouse to the customer or to the shareholder/employee. Rather, the level of emphasis, as it exists today was not to such a highly evolved, regulated, and legislated mandate that it has subsequently reached within the past several decades. Says the textbook that was used for this class, â€Å"An organization is concerned with regulating the behavior and performance of its employees to ensure safe, uniform, and effective conduct in the performance of duties† (McLachlan, 2009). This level of ethical understanding of as a function of profitability is perhaps the single most important reality that must be considered with regards to the global economic collapse 2007/2008. Rather than the shareholders of the situation paying particul ar attention to the ethical ramifications of their actions, profitability was ultimately championed as the greater good in each and every situation. Although it is oftentimes been convenient for individuals to point to the upper management of firms such as Lehman Brothers, the reality of the situation is that middle management as well as the line employees of such institutions bore as much ethical culpability as those at the top. Due to the fact that they were fully aware of the situation was taken place and did absolutely nothing to bring these concerns to light, these individuals are ethically and morally culpable as well. Although it is not the determination of this particular analysis to shed blame with regards to global financial collapse of 2007/2008, it must be understood that an ethical interpretation of the event demands that all parties be analyzed in an unbiased manner. This shared form of responsibility has become a fundamental hallmark of the ethics of the

The copenhagen criteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The copenhagen criteria - Essay Example In order to acquire the European Union membership the candidate countries should fulfil the above-mentioned three criteria. Since the enlargement process by European Council was held at Copenhagen, the name Copenhagen criteria came into existence. "Neither the EU nor the candidate countries have the power to change the geographical reality on the ground or the definitions of terms long defined in the English language in respect of physical and political geographic descriptions" (Wikipedia). The enlargement process is resolved at the beginning before taking an opinion of the application of a particular country. There is no geographical limit for any European country to join European Union. Some cases of non-European countries2 came into picture but none the less it is not possible for non- European states to attain a European Union membership. It has been stated that there is no possibility of non-European countries to become EU member but ironically some of the countries, which were geographically apart from Europe, were given European Union membership. Countries like French Guiana and Greenland, which were geographically not connected to Europe, were given EU membership. ... It has been stated that there is no possibility of non-European countries to become EU member but ironically some of the countries, which were geographically apart from Europe, were given European Union membership. Countries like French Guiana and Greenland, which were geographically not connected to Europe, were given EU membership. The reasons cited for their inclusion was French Guiana was an integral part of French Republic and Greenland joined the EEC as a Danish dependency. It clearly shows the double standards employed in the inclusion.One of the biggest headaches for European Union member states is inclusion of Turkey as a EU member. Turkey has been declared as a candidate for membership. At first European Union declined the inclusion of Turkey as a member. To become a EU member every country has to fulfil the Copenhagen Criteria and Turkey was well short of the above-mentioned criteria. One of the reasons for turning down Turkey's candidature was its being a non Christian st ate. The majority community of Turkey is Muslims. Since shariat3 law was enforced as it has been in every other Islamic country, became one of the reasons for its being declined.The human rights record of Turkey was well below the mark. They had very bad human rights record. Since it is an Islamic country there was a fear of terrorists residing in Turkey. Due to the increase in terror activities Muslim sympathisers may take advantage of the membership and might cause damage to the European Union members. They might indulge in terrorist activities. There is no gender equality in Turkey. Women were treated as slaves. They don't have any independence inside

Likelihood of Inter-State War in Southeast Asia

Likelihood of Inter-State War in Southeast Asia Critically assess the likelihood of inter-state  war in Southeast Asia in the 21st Century. TAN SEOW LIM INTRODUCTION South East Asia – a region consisting of 11 countries scattered around the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean and carries great diversity in cultures, languages and religions with Islam being the dominant one in the region). With around 620 million habitants, it is also considered one of the most populated regions in the world. With very rich heritage, it also has its fair share of conflicts from the old days to current and thru the years, every nation are trying to rebuild despite some countries with political instability, and strengthen its own economy in order not to be left behind in the competitive world. The forming of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is in a way aims to accelerate the economic growth, social progress, socio-cultural evolution among its members, protection of regional peace and stability, and opportunities for member countries to discuss differences peacefully[1] . This essay will attempt to discuss the likelihood of inter-state war in the region in the 21st century with consideration of impact due to global trends, the effect of economic interpendence and terrorism in the region which may pose a bigger threat to national security. THE ECONOMICAL AND POLITICAL ARENA OF SOUTH EAST ASIA The countries, being in a strategy location and access to plentiful of natural resources together with their diversity and increasing integration, are a magnet for not only China but also for Europe and US to invest in. Politically, the region provides stability in a part of the world that is rapidly reshaping the global balance of power. As a result, its continued development—which depends on investments in infrastructure and education, as well as improvements in business climate—is important for the rest of the world. The ten countries have a combined GDP of $1.9 trillion and an average per-capital income close to that of China. Being a consistent good performer, they would have been a ninth largest economy if they are a country[2]. Thanks to the loosening of control by the military junta n 2011, Myanmar has also gradually opened up their market for foreign investment in the past two years. And being an emerging economy with great potential, it cannot be neglected. Th e developing economies in Vietnam and Cambodia have also performed economically well since they open up its market few years back. [3] ASEAN, who has played a pivotal stabilizing role in both the region and the world, has also aim to create an economic community which is a single market for goods, services, investments, and skilled labor by 2015. With its determination and shows of economies usefulness, it has also drawn in partnership with various countries like China, South Korea, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and India in introducing various initiatives in boosting the economies in the region. United States commitment to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) will also determine the economy of the next century for S.E.A. Amidst its developing economic potential, the political arena among the S.E.A. countries poses another challenge which may jeopardizes the progress and worse, may derail and setback the efforts put in thus far. The political turmoil in Thailand – it’s all too familiar partisan politics has been playing out in the street wanting to unseat Yingluck Shinawatra, the sister of the controversial and now exiled ex-prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. Only consolation is the military has yet to stage the 82nd coup thus far. The country has been without a proper government since December 13 and the election last done in February was considered void due to the protest causing some areas not able to conduct a proper election. The Thai economy was also badly hit and will deteriorating further if the turmoil continues with no end in sight. And as recent, the opposition has planned to boycott the July election yet again and called for Yingluck to resign. Myanmar also faces daunting cha llenges in its path to reform. The military junta’s refusal to remove clause 59(f) from the constitution, which bars from the presidency anyone whose spouse or children are foreign citizens. This effectively bars Miss Suu Kyi from standing for president. While Mr Thein Sein may be supportive of removing the clause, the internal resistance from the military junta has thus far been effective in blocking it. In the words of Mr Thein Sein â€Å"if the political demands made by the public are larger than the current political system can accommodate, we can all end up in political deadlock†¦.we could lose all the political freedom we have achieved so far. I would therefore like to urge all of you to handle such a situation with care and wisdom.†[4] This deadlock in political reform, a largely inscrutable bureaucracy, will definitely slow down the progress of development in the country. Cambodia, under the rule of authoritarian prime minister Hun Sen, has also seen tens of thousands of protestors going on the street recently to protest against flaw in election system which led to the win by Hun Sen’s party. With the instability in the political situation in the country, it is difficult to attract investment in the country. The situation is further stressed by the lack of skilled workers in the country. Indonesian will be having its presidential election this year and will decide the next President to lead this economy into the next century. Being the largest economy in S.E.A and world’s 3rd largest democracy, it will set the path and determine the progress in S.E.A. economy. With the colourful economic and political situations in the S.E.A, it is unimaginable to think that each and every country in this region would want to risk being in the last of the league in the developing economy. While ASEAN may have a known policy of not interfering in internal politics of member states, they have in the past shown to be able to come to some agreement amicably to settle their inter-state disputes as in the case of Thailand-Cambodia territory disputes which was the worse since the forming of ASEAN in 1967. It would also be disastrous if any country, having dealt with their internal politic turmoil, would want to get into another inter-states conflict instead of banding together to move together boost the region’s economy. ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE IN SOUTH EAST ASIA Economic interdependence between inter-states has been known to prevent any conflicts or escalation in any conflicts. It is not restricted to just South East Asia countries. I am a believer in such advocacy. Evident over current quarrels between China and Japan over the islands – barren rocks known in China as the Diaoyu islands and in Japanese as the Senkaku islands, the conflict will not escalate mainly due to the continual reliance on the each economy. China is in need of Japanese products like machinery for its production and Japan in need of raw products from China likewise. Even in the tense atmosphere in July 2012, Japanese companies are still doing business in China e.g. a city in Chongqing hiring the Mitsui Group to develop an industrial park aimed at attracting foreign investment[5]. The leaders in both countries know very well how a deteriorating economy will damage its standing in the world. Both leaders also has a heavy responsibility to revive their economies and having been relying on each other’s economy for decades, re-strategizing and reduce or cut off reliance on each other is not an option. In South East Asia, the forming of ASEAN serves to ensure peace in the region by promoting trading in the regions as one of its aim. Along the way, member states have also came out with initiatives in propelling the economy in the region – in 1992, the integrating of its member economies by the establishment of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and later in 2003, the members further committed to forming an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), a single production base and market, by 2020. Seeing the significant and importance of the AEC, the member states agreed to advance the formation to 2015 in 2007, though the progress is slow down due to political situation in some member countries. All these initiatives require the co-operation of the member states, every one of them, in order to form a strong magnet to attract investment to the region. Thus far, with its strategic location, abundant natural resources, quality human resources and growing economies, ASEAN has engaged economicall y, by way of trade and investments, with all the large economies of the world. Even with the region facing the Asian financial crisis which dented ASEANs economic credibility and standing, they were able to quickly recover from this crisis and individually, most of the ASEAN countries are now enjoying positive growth rates of 4%-7%. It has shown the robustness of the economy despite the fall. This economic standing, with its political and strategic weight, has encouraged the ASEAN to explore an enhanced geo-political role for itself in the Asia Pacific and the global community[6]. With this standing and development, no one state would want to be left behind and not play its role in pursuing and getting the fruits of the ever revolving flourishing economy. Even East Timor, the only nation in the region yet to join ASEAN, has officially applied to be a member of the association in 4 March 2011, hoping to reap the fruit and to take advantage of the opportunity. But as ASEAN members believe the group should focus on helping poorer nations which are already members of Asean like Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos – to prepare for the opening of the groups free trade zone in 2015 and that East Timor unable to meet some of the joining criteria, the approval has been put on hold. As can see, the economic interdependence among the nations is so strong and required that any inter-state conflicts is a near impossible, even in the next century. It has been decades and proven that the region has always been a very strong trading zone due to its vast natural resources. It i s undeniable. There may be occasions where conflicts happen but those were resolved amicably thought some disputes like the Spratly islands is still on the card involving Brunei, Malaysia, Philippines and Vietnams with China and Taiwan. Through the years, the association, with its founding aim to promote peace and stability, has also developed key mechanisms for dispute settlement e.g the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC), the 1996 Protocolon Dispute Settlement Mechanismand subsequentlythe2004 Protocol for Enhanced Dispute Settlement Mechanism (EDSM) for disputes relating to ASEAN economic agreements, and the provisions of the 2007ASEAN Charter that serve as an overarching framework for dispute settlement in ASEAN etc. All these and other agreement are meant to provide a channel for the members in settling disputes. As such, the likelihood of inter-state war in South East Asia is near impossible. TERRORISM THREAT IN THE S.E.A. REGION Terrorism poses a serious and real threat to the world and it knows no border, nationality and religion. It was probably taken for granted till the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers of United States in 11 September 2001. I was stationed in Peace Prairie Detachment in Dallas, Texas and received a call from a colleague that morning. He mentioned:†Switch on the TV. Two airplanes hit the tower!† I remember telling him to not joke as I was dead tired after having returned early in the morning from work. But after switching on the TV and seeing what happened, I then realised the ideology is a clear danger. That day changes the world. Everyone is fighting against terrorism till today; sometime I feel it has become an excuse for some countries to eradicate opposing factors in the country. In South East Asia, the terrorist attack on Bali on 12 October, 2002 was a wakeup call for Southeast Asian governments. It demonstrated the severity of terrorism. The horrified act was done by a terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) whose cell in Indonesia has been blooming with sufficient support from Al Qaeda to infringe further damage in the later years. Though Indonesia has done very well in its fight against the terror cells situated in its territory, especially its counter terrorism tactical force, Detachment 88 who has killed and captured nearly 800 Indonesian terrorists and extremists, JI itself has transformed into an ideological organization and several new splinter groups emerged. They include a dozen operational groups of Al Qaeda in Indonesia such as Lashkar Hisbah, Tawhid Wal Jihad and Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (JAT)[7]. All these development have been a worrying trends and the need for all S.E.A. countries to work together to fight or guard against them cannot be over-emphasized. Fortunately, these threats have not caused any conflicts among the countries in the region and have been quite successfully been contained in respective country. The arrest of 11 ter rorists, whom are suspected of having links to terrorists in other countries, in Malaysia lately does show the needs for every country in the region to not let their guard down. The co-operation of the states also resulted in the arrest of a number of terrorist figures, quashing more terrorist cells. All these co-operation further enhanced the cohesiveness of the countries in the region and more openness and solidarity, it does help in the lessening the possibility of conflict among states in the region. CONCLUSION Amidst the peace and stability in the region, Singapore continues to play its responsible and neutral role in fostering good relationship with the neighbouring countries and that, we have been doing an excellent job playing a good brother’s keeper. Occasionally, we may have some little argument with the neighbouring states but with good foreign and open relation, we were able to overcome amicably. The need to continue to maintain a strong defence to deter potential aggression must be a continual emphasis not only for its peace and stability but also to continue to attract investment to the country to maintain a robust economy and indirectly, contribute the region’s development. I am confident to say that possibility of inter-state war in the next century is highly unlikely. Bibliography Aseanweb – Asean Motto. Asean.org. Retrieved 8 August 2011. Vikram Nehru 7 July 2011 Southeast Asia: Crouching Tiger or Hidden Dragon? Available:http://carnegieendowment.org/ieb/2011/07/07/southeast-asia-crouching-tiger-or-hidden-dragon/fuzd Politics in Myanmar, Not so fast (2014) The Economist [Online] Available: http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21595920-aung-san-suu-kyis-road-presidency-grows-longer-and-more-winding-not-so-fast (8th Feb 2014) ERIA Policy Brief, No. 2012-01, January 2012 Rohan Gunaratna, After Bali: Southeast Asia Under Threat, 2012.  Available : http://www.pvtr.org/pdf/commentaries/RSIS1912012.pdf (10 October 2012) [1] Aseanweb – Asean Motto. Asean.org. Retrieved 8 August 2011. [2] Vikram Nehru 7 July 2011 Southeast Asia: Crouching Tiger or Hidden Dragon? Available: http://carnegieendowment.org/ieb/2011/07/07/southeast-asia-crouching-tiger-or-hidden-dragon/fuzd [3] Vikram Nehru 7 July 2011 Southeast Asia: Crouching Tiger or Hidden Dragon? Available: http://carnegieendowment.org/ieb/2011/07/07/southeast-asia-crouching-tiger-or-hidden-dragon/fuzd [4] Politics in Myanmar, Not so fast (2014) The Economist [Online] Available: http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21595920-aung-san-suu-kyis-road-presidency-grows-longer-and-more-winding-not-so-fast (8th Feb 2014) [5] Katz, Richard, Mutual Assured Production: Why Trade Will Limit Conflict Between Japan and China. Foreign Affairs 92(4): 18-22 [6] ERIA Policy Brief, No. 2012-01, January 2012 [7] Rohan Gunaratna, After Bali: Southeast Asia Under Threat, 2012. Available : http://www.pvtr.org/pdf/commentaries/RSIS1912012.pdf (10 October 2012)