Response to Amy Cuddy: Your body language shapes who you are Essay

Amy Cuddy was an intelligent young woman who was known to be smart and gifted until the age of 19, when she had encountered a horrific car accident. After this accident, Amy woke up in a head injury rehab ward. Her head injury had caused her IQ to drop by two standard deviations and she had to withdrawal from college. From having a core identity as being smart to the knowledge of her decrease in IQ had left Amy completely powerless. She felt as if her identity had been taken away from her and had lost the confidence that she once had. She tried several times to get back into college and to pursue her education but they kept telling her that college was no longer meant for her and that she should consider another path. However, she kept trying without giving up. After struggles and chances, Amy had eventually graduated from college, 4 years later than her peers. She later spoke with an adviser, whom had helped her get into Princeton University. Amy Cuddy possessed certain qualities that allowed her to be successful after the car accident. From the intrapersonal or self-awareness realm, the quality that Amy contained was self-regard. Self-regard is to not only notice all the positive aspects of oneself, but to be fully aware of the less positive aspects as well and the individual continues to keep their head held high at the same time. Although knowing that her IQ level had dropped drastically, Amy Cuddy still held herself on high regards and kept trying to get back into College. This was emotionally and academically hard for Amy, but even when she was told that college was not meant for her and that she should consider following another path, she did not give up but kept trying. Although it was four years later than her peers, she still did manage to graduate from college. From the Intrapersonal realm that focuses on relationships with others, Amy contains the quality of developing a meaningful intrapersonal relationship with her adviser. This means to have healthy boundaries, to have a good intimacy and to use dynamic communication skills. Amy had good intimacy with her adviser and had convinced her adviser that she was qualified and that she had potential to attend Princeton University. Amy also contains the adaptability realm. This realm focuses on how an individual is able to handle different situations. Individuals who are strong in this field are able to be managing when things go unexpectedly. When Amy had finally gotten into Princeton University, at first she was afraid and was not as confident. She even consulted her adviser the day before her Princeton presentation and told her that she quits. Her â€Å"angel† adviser had given her this unique advise and told her to fake confidence, to fake it even if she was terrified and to do it until she gets to the point in which she realizes that she is actually doing it. Amy followed her adviser’s guidance and with success had continued her education. Through research, Amy recognizes stress-reducing skills. People who are more familiar and experienced in this area often discover stress-reducing skills. They come up with certain ways to soothe and calm themselves from the stress that they encounter. She learns about the cortisol levels and how body language plays an important role on the confidence and success level of an individual. After performing an experiment, Amy concludes that people with high power have a 25% decrease in the amount of cortisol while people with low power have a 15% increase in the amount of cortisol. She also concludes through the experiment that changing posture for a few minutes can actually change your life in meaningful ways. Performing high power poses tends to increase the confidence level of individuals, which leads them to perform their task successfully. From the general mood realm, Amy possesses the quality of optimism. Optimism allows individuals to analyze their situation realistically and in a positive manner. This trait gives them a sense of hope that there will be benefits without believing that unrealistic conditions may occur. In my opinion I believe that Amy was initially an optimistic person and even after her car accident, deep down she still was. Without being optimistic, Amy wouldn’t have been able to convince herself to go back to college and to pursue her education. She was told that she wasn’t meant for college but she did not give up. When speaking to her adviser, her adviser must have seen great potential in Amy for her to make the decision of making arrangements for Amy to attend Princeton. Amy showed her adviser the potential she had and proved to her that she was qualified. Without the optimism she wouldn’t have been able to convince her adviser. Amy did however want to give up right before the Princeton presentation, but that’s because she doubted herself and she felt out of placed, but what brought her through college and to the adviser was the optimistic trait that she possessed. She could of gave up right after her car accident when she was told that college was not for her, but she did not. By analyzing the emotional intelligence and academic realm, it can be said that Amy contains the quality of reducing impulsivity. Amy wanted to go to college although she was told that college was no longer an option for her. She knew that college might be more challenging for her and that she would finish college later than her peers. However, throughout the struggles, Amy knew that the outcome would be positive. When told to find another option than college, she could of easily found another way, but her determination to go to college and to pursue an education helped her begin her journey. She had a clear sense of what she wished to accomplish and chose to sacrifice time to reach her goal.

Summary of the “Bigger Piece of the Pie”

The number of all hospitals in the country is declining.   Since 1975, there was a 1/6 less on the total number of hospitals.   Investor owned facilities is currently on the rise.From the year 1993 it started to spring high until 1997 and then there was an incremental decrease afterwards but it continues to rise up to the year 2003.   By the end of 2003, investor-owned hospital comprised 16% of the nation’s community hospitals.   Public hospitals are also diminishing in numbers as well as the not- for profits which decline more than 10 %.It is a continued long term decline that was neutralized by the 2002 figure wherein there was a slight increment.   According to observers it will likely to remain stable in the next coning years or will decline slightly.   This can be explained by the infeasibility of small hospitals commented by the professor and director of the health policy and administrative division for the School of Public Health at the University of Illinoi s Chicago.   More patients prefer to go to large hospitals which were of their driving distance.   Conversion of not-for profit hospitals to for-profit hospital is also outpacing.The biggest factors remains a access to capital-investor-owned chains have it, while access is much more varied for not for profit systems.   Many of the broad measures of credit quality, such as annual median figures for profitability and debt coverage but the prosperity is not uniform throughout the sector even if many are performing better.  Ã‚   Investor owned hospitals are squeezed with bad debt expense but they were able to attract equity and debt capital.   Private firms were attracted in order to recapitalize the companies.   Hospitals are also in mess regarding reimbursement of high commercial insurance companies.Due to the high rates of the hospitals, the insurers were prompted to push for a double digit percentage increase premiums for employers.   Facing a fourth year of double-dig it premium hikes, companies have been getting tough this year, pushing a lot more of those costs back onto their employees in the form of higher co-payments and other cost-sharing arrangements.Recognizing the limitations of those tactics, the survey found employers looking to longer-term solutions and possible government intervention to head off the unrelenting increases.   If this continues, employers may drop coverage and push more of their costs to employees, thus making an even more bad debt for the hospitals.However, if they decide to lower the premium increase, they would not be able to boost the reimbursements the way the hospitals are used to.   Meanwhile, the pressure is now building up for not for profit hospitals regarding charity care.   It is an emerging issue whether or not the not-for-profit hospitals exert pressure on for-profit hospitals to provide charity care and whether for-profit hospitals react differently than not-for-profit hospitals to managed care pre ssures and hospital competition in providing charity care.Nowadays, a mixed ownership markets, for-profit hospitals provide significantly less charity care as not-for-profit hospitals in the market provide more. Unexpectedly, for-profit hospitals were not more influenced by price competition than other hospitals with respect to charity care. Having a unique role in providing charity care may justify continuing tax exemption for not-for-profit hospitals and enhance interest in payment and other policies with regard to conversions to ensure that not-for-profit hospitals continue to be represented in market areas.I think the effect of these increases reflected our today economic climate.   As for the charity care of the not-for-profit hospitals, I wonder if it’s their way of breaking tax and being exempted in paying a large amount.   A report by the Internal Revenue Service in July found that not-for-profit hospitals nationwide vary widely in how they report and define their community services.   I believe that the lack of consistency and uniformity makes it difficult to assess the hospitals compliance with the current law.   I think, the changes brought by the IRS would make it easier to compare hospitals and also would help ensure greater accountability.ReferencesCrenshaw, A. (2004).   Health Insurance Costs Keep Rising.   Retrieved on February 29, 2008 from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A8287-2004Sep9.html  

Genetically Modified Organisms

Some people might ask why agriculture is so important, or why it would matter to me? Well there are many reasons why it matters; it matters because farming is what built this country. We are going to go over a few main points including feeding, livestock, tractors, and equipment. Farming is also very important because it is what feeds the people everywhere; they grow the food that you see every day.In bread and cereal there is wheat which is mostly grown down in Kansas. Wheat is found in any different products like flour, bread, crackers, and anything with whole grain. Crops like these including corn and soybeans contribute too many things that make what are food is today. Corn helps with ethanol, corn starch, flour, and high fructose corn syrup. Soy beans help with oil; like vegetable oil and the grease in the fryers they use in fast food restaurants. Speaking of restaurants, you can't have a restaurant without beef or pork.The cattle industry has been on a rise for a long time, bee f is all your hamburgers, steaks, and roasts you have come to know and love to eat. The pork industry has been on the rise from what it has been. A couple of years ago it took a major drop, my dad had to sell his hogs because they weren't worth it. They would cost more to feed then the money you get back from selling them at the sale barn. This was Just one business that almost went broke from having hogs, Nebraska Pork Producers went broke a few years ago and two big businesses bought them.Those business are Pilled Family Farms and The Masochism, they both have over a 100,000 hogs. That's a lot of pork! You may not know and this may take you by surprise was all hose things are connected to each other. The corn, soybeans, beef, and pork all connected together because the farmer grows the corn and soybeans and takes some of it to COOP and puts the rest of the bin and feeds it to his livestock so they can gain weight and take them to the sale barn and sell them.There has been much adv ancement in raising livestock. People think that livestock is Just for food; well it helps in the medical field to. It helps in the medical field because they use pig skin for skin grafts, they use their organs in insulin. They also use their hide for anything leather, rugs, and mats. Their hooves and horns help to make combs and brushes; and even the poop of the cows, pigs, horses, and whatever else there is, they don't go to waste.Farmers use their poop to spread manure on their fields and pastures so their grass in the pastures and the crops in the field can get more nitrogen. That way the crops can grow more and be healthier. Feeding and breeding livestock has become well planned and they can be on a strict diet so they can put out nice healthy calves and so the cow doesn't have problems giving birth. When feeding calves and cows you can give them rations of feed, like for a couple says you give a pen of 150 calves bosses of feed and then you give them more the next day so they have bosses of feed.The reason they get more feed is because they're Just like kids, when they grow more they eat more. Breeding livestock has had many advancements including selective breeding, which is when you take your best male and your best female and you have them mate, so they can put a nice, strong, and healthy baby. There has also been changes in the genes of cattle. A while ago they made pure bred red Angus, and if you don't know Angus cattle are all black. There also is a black Hereford, and regular Hereford re red and white.They have also messed around with Hereford genes because they had white around their eyes which means they can get cancer of the eye and blind really easily, but they have made it so that they can put red around their eyes so that doesn't happen. Hereford usually have horns, but people have found out that they can kill you, or they can get their heads stuck really easily and when they get stuck they panic, and break their necks trying to get out, but that's changed because they have made it so you can get them without horns, they are called polled Hereford. Artificial Insemination is another form of breeding cattle.You can do it and not even have a bull, you can buy them off of people who get the semen from their bulls and sell them. It is Just like how they inseminate people; they take a rod with semen and put it in the cow's vagina. That semen contains the characteristics of that bull you bought it from, you want to buy the semen from a bull that is strong, big, and has the features you want the calf to have. The bull has specific birth weights for the calves they can have, like if the bull's birth weight is supposed to be boss-boss then that is hat the calf is supposed to weigh.You pay for the bull you want, if you buy a cheap one then it is most likely the bull won't have a very good birth weight. It also depends on the mom, it depends how big her pelvic is, and if the calf is too big it can hurt her by getting stuck and no t being able to go through, and then you have to do a C- section on the cow, it also hurts her in general and can pull her vagina inside out, or a vaginal prolapsed. Then if that happens you have to call the veterinary to put it the vagina back in and sow it up.After the calf they have gets fat enough to sell they well o to the slaughterhouse. At the slaughterhouse the cattle go through a pre- inspection and if the cattle pass the inspection they get to be slaughtered. How they kill it, is they take a gun powered by air, and it has a small metal rod that it shoots in the brain and pulls back out. It kills them instantly and is painless. Then they get hung upside down and their main artery cut so they bleed out, then they get skinned and they start cutting them up and taking out the meat.Speaking of cattle and slaughtering them, the person who feeds the cattle needs a feed wagon to do it and other equipment. There have been numerous advantages in feed wagons. The first feed wagons ma de where Just chains that brought the feed up and out of a spout. The first feed wagons were also very small, like the Kelly-Ryan feed wagon was their fifth. Manure spreader with a few modifications. Then they started making bigger feed wagons and with augers that mix the feed.That way you're not Just feeding silage in one spot and hay in the other, you feed it all equally. Cattle feeding have become almost a science, because now people feed them minerals and weight boosters so they grow faster. Cattle can also gain weight faster if they put implants in their ear, implants are small pellets that you put under the skin of the ear and they help to gain weight faster. Feed wagons now have orbit motors that run everything, the spout going up and down, the chains or augers running the feed out, vertical beaters, and the 3 or 4 auger mixer.In feed wagons with augers, the augers spin in a way to bring the feed forward and down to the spout and then the chains or augers take the feed out. A farmer's equipment is Just as important as he is, without his farm equipment he wouldn't be able to do anything. He wouldn't be able to disk, plant, feed, and anything else that needs to be done with a tractor. With equipment there has been many advantages made with making them more accurate, larger, and being more efficient.A planter used to be very simple, you put the seed in the box and the wheels turn, dropping the seed and a disk blade would push it into the ground. Now they have GAPS so it's straight, maybe a couple inches off, they also have it on air systems which uses air to push the seed in the ground and they have it so you don't have to disk before, it's called no-till. Planters have also put tanks on them and on the tractors that are filled with nitrogen and certain herbicides and pesticides. They spray out the back right on top of the dirt where the seed is so it can soak into the seed.Manure spreaders have had numerous advances from what they used to be. They used to be boxes with a chain that drags across the floor to take the manure back to a cylinder with teeth that throws it across the ground. Manure spreaders today have gotten much bigger; some can hold up to 42 tons of manure. There are two types of manure spreaders, one type has 2 horizontal beaters, and the other has 2 vertical eaters, but they both have a door that comes down in front of the beaters so no manure can fall out or push against the beaters and get them Jammed.The horizontal beaters go side to side and are run by orbit motors and they flop the manure out the back so that way you can haul frozen manure in the winter without ruining your beaters and motors. With vertical beaters they are run by orbit motors to, but they can't have frozen chunks, cement block, or anything hard go through the beaters because they are closer together and they explode the manure out the back really far. They both have a big door in the back that is run by hydraulics. The chain that drags the manu re to the back is run by 2 orbit motors on each side.There have been many advances in agricultural equipment including tractors. Tractors used to be steam powered, and now they are run by diesel. Tractors have been advanced in and outside the tractor, tractors have cabs and the cabs have become more fancy then Just a seat, steering wheel, and levers. They now have climate control, heated and cooled seats, they have air ride seats and air ride cabs, and everything is electronic, like the hydraulics, throttle, gear shifter, and all the seat controls.Tractors have also advanced in horsepower, older tractors used to be like 40-80 horsepower and now they have tractors with over 600 horsepower. They have gotten so big because they need that horsepower to pull the equipment because they have gotten bigger too so farmers can farm more and get more done. Tractors have little seats in them for people that are called buddy seats with mini fridges underneath them but they aren't supposed to hav e people with you in the tractor so they are called instructor seats.You can put GAPS on your tractors so you can plant straight and the have made it so you can use GAPS on your cultivators to. Tractors have 3-points on the back which are Just 2 bars that have holes in the end and you back up to a cultivator or another piece of equipment and you slide a pin through both. Then there is a top one and it is the same as the bottom 2. Tractors now have quick hitches which allows you to Just back up to the equipment and pull up 2 levers on each side and when you are lined up with hole that has a pin through it you pick it up and it is a hook that catches the pin and then you can flip the levers down.They have also made it that the top bar is hydraulic so that you don't have to leave the cab. It allows you to move the quick hitch so it is facing up or down if your piece of equipment is facing up or down. Tractors have also become more fuel efficient too. Now in tractors they have your fuel , oil pressure, and all your other gauges on the dash or up along the corner of the cab. It also shows you how much fuel you are burning in an hour; they also have powerhouses and COW transmissions.A powerhouse lets you go through all the gears without ever touching the clutch. A COW is like that but there is no shifting. If I had to pick one it would be the tried and true powerhouse. The powerhouse is so much better and I'm speaking from personal experience, Joe Beck once rented a 300 horsepower Challenger with front wheel assist tractor because he needed a new tractor and so he demoed that one and when it was pulling a 22 foot disk the transmission couldn't take it and it sheared the transmission.So after the people came out and got it we hooked up a Case 8930 Magnum, which has 150 horsepower and is 2-wheel drive, pulled the disk with ease through the field. Balers have become more advanced over the years. They used to just pick up the hay with a chain and Just roll it into a litt le bale that is about Ft long ND is rolled up like a Tornado from Pump and Pantry. They also have square bales that make them into little squares and they have also made big square balers that make bales into big squares.Other balers would be like loafers and they pick up the hay and put them into loaves like bread, there is also Just the regular round baler that pickups the hay and makes it into a round bale. They have monitors in them that tell you how wet the bale is, how big it is, when you are supposed to let it out the back, when to close the back, when you're out of mesh wrap, and when there is something wrong. Combines have made many changes over the years. They came from people Just picking the crop by hand to driving and picking 24 rows at a time.Combines used to not have a cab on them, then they put them on since it would get dusty and hard to breathe, you could have gotten dust pneumonia, and other lung problems. They started putting heaters and air conditioners in them and then nicer seats, and now they have cooled and heated seats, dashes that tell you what the moisture is, like how wet the corn or beans are, and they have switches for lifting up the head or lowering it instead of levers. There are many other pieces of equipment that is involved in agriculture including pickups and semis.There are many pickups out there from many different countries, but the American made pickups are Ford, GM, and Dodge. Ford was the first company to have an assembly line, they paved the way to mass production of different products. The Ford F-series have been the number one best-selling in the US for the past 30 some years. Ford was the first to put diesels in their % ton pickups. They had International build them the 6. 9 liter diesel that had 200 horsepower and non-turbo.

To an Athlete Dying Young by A. F. Housman (Poetry) Research Paper

To an Athlete Dying Young by A. F. Housman (Poetry) - Research Paper Example speaker congratulates the young and eminent athlete for dying at a young and prime age rather than dying at old age when one and all his or her achievements are forgotten. In the first line of the poem â€Å"To an Athlete Dying Young†, the author Housman tries to illustrate the great accomplishment of the young athlete who brought proud to his people by winning a race. This great achievement of winning a race was so dear to the people of his town that they carried him shoulder high, praising him as they pass through the market to his home (Housman, 1-3). The significance of his achievement is also seen in the manner in which everybody both young and old cheered the young hero in the second, third and fourth line in the first stanza of the poem. The cheering of the hero as he passes through the crowd is also witnessed in the manner in which the former United states president JF Kennedy got cheered and applauded during his tour of campaign. Owing to what he had achieved so far, although being a young president of 46 years for the people of America, the president received accolades in both republican and democratic states. The young athlete because of the pride and accomplishment he brought to his people earned him fame and love by his people and this can also be compared to the love and fame the young John .F. Kennedy enjoyed from the people during his tenure as the president of the United States of America. President Kennedy became famous and a darling to many American families owing to the great achievements he accomplished in both domestic policies and foreign policy achievements (Jim Jarris, pg 17). For instance, with respect to domestic achievement, President Kennedy promoted domestic programs and policies that encourage the federal funding of education, economic aid to rural areas, comprehensive medical care for the elderly American in the society and federal intervention to stop the recession of the moment. The president also signed orders and policies

Strategic Investment Decision Making Case Study

Strategic Investment Decision Making - Case Study Example This paper addresses a critical question "Should TAM Airlines buy Airplanes of the Model: Fokker F-100 or the Airbus A-320" The research is carried out in the form of a case study where drawing information from different search engines such as Google and previous research we compared the two aircraft. Drawing from prior studies the evidence suggests that Airbus 320 represents a better option for TAM Airline considering, it flight capacity, its flexibilities, and its technological advancement attached to the changing time. Airbus 320 offers the management an opportunity for a long term suppliers relationship management. The difference is attributed to differences in the level market systems that characterized both economies. Fokker F100 is characterized by a Short route for regional flight limited to 3111km where as Airbus 320 is a long route flight. The features and flexibilities offered by airbus gave us grounds to recommend it to TAM Airline Adler (2000) suggests that strategic investment decision making involves the process of identifying, evaluating, and selecting projects that are likely to have a big impact on a company's competitive advantage. Strategic investment decisions influence what the company is doing, that is, the set of products and services as well as their attributes that it offers to customers. These decisions also influence where the company offers these products and services and how it offers them. (Adler, 2000). It is therefore very essential to ensure that the right decision is made as regards the products and services on offer, where such products are offered and how they are offered. Investment decision making involves the elements of a classic cost-benefit analysis. (Adler, 2000). According to Akalu and Turner (2001, 2002) finding a reliable method of investment appraisal is not only a matter of concern for company management. Investment appraisal has now become a matter of concern to both share holders and investors. (Turner, 2001, 2002). Customer satisfaction lies at the heart of all modern thinking on quality and business management. Customers and suppliers are important stakeholders. "Stakeholders are those individual or groups who depend on the organisation to fulfill their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organization depends" (JSW: 2005:179). TAM Airlines now faces a critical purchase / Suppliers management decision to discontinue with it much heralded Fokker F-100 and go in for the Airbus -320. Thus, the central theme in this paper is to find out which of the two airplanes represent a better investment or purchase decision for TAM Airlines. 1.1Problem Statement and Research Questions The supplier selection process must be an integral part of an effective

Delegating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Delegating - Essay Example Delegating is a critical skill for supervisors. Ultimately, the supervisor retains responsibility for the attainment of the goals, but chooses to achieve the goals by delegating to someone else. In the Adult Training and Employment Services (ATES) at The Center Serving Persons with Mental Retardation there are several Managers who delegate to their employees. In supported employment the supervisor delegates to three employment specialist. The supervisor assists in developing employees in order to strengthen the organization. Although the employment specialist job role is an emerging profession, few managers can refute the importance of these direct service staff to the overall performance of their supported employment programs. The supervisor in supported employment uses the three R's: risk, responsibility, and rewards in delegating staff. The three R's contribute to staff job challenges by setting in motion a supervisory style which encourages and rewards staff creativity, innovation, and governorship of their work. A risk adds an element of excitement to a job and encourages staff curiosity and learning. Supervisors can encourage their employees to take responsibility for their jobs by establishing measurable performance goals and operating guidelines. The supervisor takes every opportunity to promote the good works of the staff and assure they receive proper recognition for a job well done. The supervisor assists in developing employees in order to strengthen the organization. He or she gives up the authority to make decisions that are best made by subordinates. This means that the supervisor allows subordinates the freedom to make mistakes and learn from them. He or she does not supervise subordinates' decision-making, but allows them the opportunity to develop their own skills. The supervisor lets subordinates know that he or she is willing to help, but not willing to do their jobs for them. The supervisor is not convinced that the best way for employees to learn is by telling them how to solve a problem. This results in those subordinates becoming dependent on the supervisor. The supervisor allows employees the opportunity to achieve and be credited for it. Equally important to delegate is the idea that when a subordinate is given responsibility for a job, they must also be given the degree of how to perform the job and how to carry it out. For effective delegating the authority granted given to an employee must equal the assigned task. The key to delegating is to delegate gradually. When it comes to delegation, the manager can not delegate their duties to everyone they work with. They delegate their duties to responsible employees within the organization whom they can depend up that those duties will be attended to with a lot of professionalism. When one is delegated a certain task, he take full responsibility of performing it with diligence and ensures that they work hand in hand with other employees within the organization to ensure that organizational goals and objectives are achieved. Delegation is a term that was used even in the ancient days where someone was given full responsibility of certain activities or to run a certain activities on behalf the owner and in turn report to him, about all the activities that took place while he was away. For this case, when one delegates

The Retention of Students in Higher Education Research Paper

The Retention of Students in Higher Education - Research Paper Example In such a context it is imperative that providers and students understand the factors which can help or hinder student success, so that time and energy are not wasted on negative outcomes and experiences. An important way of measuring student (and by implication also provider) success is to examine retention rates and explore reasons why some courses are, by this measure at least, more successful than others. This method has the advantage of being quantitative in terms of providing the raw data for the study, and qualitative in terms of exploring the underlying reasons for trends in this data. Criminal justice programmes are among the most popular choices for undergraduate students and they are offered in a wide range of public and private college and university settings. Popularity has its disadvantages, however, in that larger numbers of students can mean more pressure on resources, lower retention rates, and considerable wastage in the system. The purpose of this empirical study is first to gather data on the range of criminal justice programmes available in the UK and to analyze rates of retention on a comparative basis. This will establish a quantitative basis for further examination of underlying trends in this area and will highlight any variations that emerge. This factual information will be obtained from Funding Council records, department Chairs, and publicly available information from university and other websites and databases. The gathering of data alone provides only part of the picture, namely what is actually happening in terms of student retention on Crim inal Justice Courses in the UK.

Joint Functions Course of Action and Sketch Coursework

Joint Functions Course of Action and Sketch - Coursework Example The operation occurs in NATO nations and allied forces (Elsner, Hanappi & Hanappi 12). Strategic significance It is a necessity for law and order. During wartime, it is indispensable for offences such as treason, betrayal and defection to be punished by death. It is for the greater good of both the country and the army in terms of security. In executing, say, a traitor, it will help in terminating further leakage of strategic and crucial military secrets that in failing to stop them, will jeopardize the security status of the country. Therefore, the death sentence is the only foul- proof means to put an end to these heinous crimes. There comes a time when logic is beaten by necessity, and necessity being the best solution to the incumbent problem. Therefore, the United States of America’s constitution has recognized these times and put the death sentence in place to cater for it. Thus, the death penalty is in place due to this necessity (Elsner, Hanappi & Hanappi 14). Goals an d objectives The policy of the United States aims in promoting a regional stability and to ensure that the available resources are safe for the citizens and allies. The main objective is to coordinate and maintain an effective mechanism to deter the enemies through a counter defense mechanism. The policy intends to deny the enemy access to the regional communication and resources. The aim is to design a system that improves regional stability, deter ear, and demonstrate the commitment levels to the region. Once the government of the United States has established a combat power to generate an adequate defense strategy, an implementation is carried out to counter attack and restore peace in its territory (Elsner, Hanappi & Hanappi 18). Purpose The concept plan gives an idea of deployment and employment of the war forces in an counter force. The civil war was a fight to keep the union of the United States of America. Conflicting opinions arose due to the federal government on the conce pt of the constitution. A rift between the handling of governments run by the federal and executive governments created the civil war. A union meant that the two run under one constitution. The war continued for four year. The division between the north and south conflicted against the election of Abraham Lincoln. The northern state was free while the southern state comprised of slaves. The union formed from eleven southern states lead to a disagreement after Lincoln declared the acts illegal. The sketch of the command structure The responsibilities of the tactics The fight over power paints a different picture if pasted in today’s happening. The reaction is the same only that people do not go into a civil war. The war experienced today involves individuals withholding necessary resources until certain regions accept the given ruling. The civil war began after the battle of Bull Run in 1861. The war showed signs of lasting for years. The states experienced huge battles in the states in America. The central reason behind the war was slavery, but until the Battle of Antietam in 1862 is when the slavery issue subsided. The slaves finally gained their freedom after the war during the thirteenth amendment. Expectations of the law The war started the poor economic circle that we experience today. For the northern part of America, they experienced a boon while for the south it was an economic disaster. The civil war created not time for business

Legalization of Marijuana (why america should NOT allow it) Research Paper

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Science and Technology Education for young child Assignment

Science and Technology Education for young child - Assignment Example From a constructivism point of view, it has been discussed that humans acquire understanding through collaborations not just in ideas but also with experiences. This view point is combined with Bloom’s taxonomy of learning which was published during the 1950s which was way outdated compared to technology that is being used in lately in academes. This theory is composed of three domains; 1) cognitive or knowledge, 2) affective or attitude, and 3) psychomotor or skills (Anderson, et al, 2011). This type of teaching has 3 major objectives. The first of which is increasing the involvement of students. Multiple ways of knowing constitute the 2nd major objective while the 3rd aim of inquiry-based teaching is sequential phase of cognition. The inquiry-based teaching is actually a form of inviting students to an active way of learning instead of just being pacified with information (Franklin). Science and technology is not an easy subject to explain in early childhood education. Teachers should be able to get the grasp first of what is need to be taught before actually structuring it to the most basic as it can get for these children to understand. The educators would be faced in a challenge in explaining a sometimes complex subject to children who have so many questions based on what have been observed or explained at their own households. Letting a child to experiment and explore things would be a better way of teaching children of this age bracket the concepts without them having doubts on the educator’s credibility. This is done by observing. As it has been prior known that children tends more to believe what have been seen, if a certain thing or scientific event has been observed by the child, it would be more believable onto them what is being explained by teachers. Though questions may still arise, there is a visible proof that the children can see and get the grasp of the concept which is being taught (Harland & Rivkin, 2004). The

Rise of Consumer Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rise of Consumer Culture - Essay Example This linking culture Snow suggested in the second edition of his book in 1963, calling it a "third culture" where literary intellectuals lived in harmony with scientists, communicating ideas among each other and with the public. Brockman borrowed Snow's terminology of the third culture in his book (1995) of the same title as he daringly predicted that scientists and engineers at the cusp of what would soon become the dot.com boom will dominate this third culture. The boom came, but soon after followed the bust, and Brockman's third culture never materialised as he had hoped. What Snow and Brockman never realised was that a third culture had been moving quietly alongside these two cultures over the last half of the 20th century, one that combined the power of postmodernist intellectual thought and the energy of scientific innovation, helped along by the emergence of a capitalist society of excess wealth and prosperity. This third culture is the consumer culture, characterised by what we can describe as a body-centric attitude of consumption, where almost every conceivable commercial product is available to satisfy every craving or desire, fulfil any dream, and where reality can be reduced to one's identification with ideals created and circulated by the mass media. Essentially a perfect combination of Snow's two cultures - the romantic and the scientific - the consumer culture now defines who and what we are. The Marketable Self This is the scenario where Featherstone and other sociologists situate the body, the consuming subject, which is nothing more than the agent responsible for capturing and defining reality. Straddling the romantic-idealistic literary and the sensual-measurable scientific worlds, the consumer culture entices the human body to know and love it, to be a part of it, and to recognise that that is where its happiness and fulfilment lie. As the consuming subject (the body) attempts to capture - buying, eating, dressing up, or simply experiencing - reality in this consumer culture, it is the body that ends up becoming captive. It is in this context that we can analyse Featherstone's words (1991) that "the consumer culture constructs the marketable self." A main feature of this culture is a powerful popular media that helps in defining who and what we are. In his book (1999) Selling Dreams: How to Make Any Product Irresistible, Ferrari CEO Gian Luigi Longinotti-Buitoni (p. 193) describes the people of the consumer culture as bodies where product creators create a masterpiece the way a Picasso creates a painting on canvas, and where the media play the role of the artist's brush and oil. The body as a canvas Yes. In the consumer culture, "every instrument of the popular media - advertisements, television, and film to the press - provides a proliferation of stylised images of the body and emphasises the cosmetic benefits of body maintenance" (Featherstone, 1991). This strategy makes good business sense. After all, the physical perfection of the body or its idea of eternal youth has been one of our most cherished dreams. Beauty being a subjective judgment of a state of perfection, and the natural forces of aging, weight gain, and biological deterioration seemingly designed to halt our achieving that state, the possibilities for its definition are endless. The

Impact of Globalisation on Africa Essay Example for Free

Impact of Globalisation on Africa Essay This course will examine the critical and rapidly changing role of the state at the beginning of a new millennium as a result of internal and external factors, paying special attention to the state as a central player in ensuring the provision of public services, as well as facing the new challenges emerging around the world. It will enable students to: †¢ assess the impact of global economic liberalisation and information dissemination on governments and their constituents; †¢ engage in specific analyses of the changing role of the state, the different actors and stake-holders involved, the mechanisms of governance at different levels; and the emerging frustrations and violence. †¢ identify the capacities of and constraints facing governance processes; †¢ critique the manner in which reforms undertaken by governments impact social, cultural and economic development; and †¢ analyse the challenges faced by governance with regard to democratisation; To accomplish this, the course is divided into three thematic areas: 1. The State and the People (internal factors): Under this first part of the course, students will identify the basic components of state-craft, the different actors who come into play in decision making, the relative importance of each over the course of history, the constants in different geographic contexts, etc. With the advent of fresh economic, social, and environmental challenges, there is a strong sense among governments that their scope for autonomous public action is being reduced by the forces of globalisation and the consequent growth of inter-dependence among states. Sound governance in the public sector is a critical factor for continued progress. A determined effort is thus required by governments in refocussing the capacities of the public sector to meet the emerging challenges, and to grasp the opportunities thrown up by the global trends in a new millennium. 2. The State and Globalization (external factors): Under this second part, students will review the process of rapidly increasing globalization, and its impact on the role of the state, the process of increasing inter-connectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world have increasing effects on people and societies far away. Economically, transnational flows of commodities and production factors, such as capital and labour, are being accelerated. Politically, the sovereignty of nation states is being undermined, and certain kinds of supra-national authorities are being enhanced. Socio-culturally, contacts between peoples in different parts of the world have become easier, enhancing the advent of a global culture and cultural homogenisation. The effect of the integration of markets, new information technology, the erosion of sovereignty, the growing role of non-state actors, and sub-national groups, and an increasing inter-dependence among states, has resulted in the emergence of a global community, global issues, and global actions. Students will analyse the changes required in the functions of the state so that it can effectively mitigate the impact of globalization to ensure sustainable development, and national security. 3. Reconstructing the State (mechanisms of reform): Under this third part, students will review the need for recasting the roles of the institutions of the state, as well as the normal interaction between the various stakeholders – the state, the private sector and the civil society. They will analyse and debate on how national governance institutions can be reconstructed and retooled in different contexts within a climate of privatisation, participation, and decentralisation, how local governance can be promoted, how rule of law and regulatory frameworks can be established through responsible governance, and how democratic space can be created and maintained. This includes engaging civil society and the private sector in a dynamic partnership to improve the quality of developmental services, enhance social responsibilities, and ensure the broadest participation of citizens in civic life. The task o f the state is to take advantage of the forces of globalisation in providing a secure and stable domestic environment. The course will also analyse the manner in which the state can promote the participation of citizens in decision-making, enforce impartial legal frameworks, build transparency and promote accountability and equity, design policies on consensus, and provide strategic vision to overcome the challenges of mitigating the negative impacts of the global economy, transnational bodies, international law, powers and power blocs, and sub-national fringe groups. READINGS While required readings will consist of the following texts which will be placed on reserve in the Library, additional articles for each lesson may also be made available either over email or in hard copy. Some of these articles are cited in the various lesson descriptions below. Recommended Texts: †¢ Globalisation, Human Development Report 1999, UNDP, available for free download at : http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/ †¢ Reinventing Government, David Osborne, 1992. †¢ Reconceptualising Governance, Discussion Paper 2, UNDP, January 1997, available for free download at : http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/!UN98-21.PDF/Recon.htm †¢ The Third Wave, by Samuel Huntington, published by the University of Oklahoma Press. †¢ Development as Freedom, by Amartya Sen, published by Random House Anchor Books. †¢ The World Turned Upside Down? Globalization and the Future of the State, by Berry Jones, published by St. Martins Press. †¢ Globalisation and its Discontents, by Joseph Stiglitz, published by W W Norton and Company. †¢ The Lexus and the Olive Tree, by Thomas Friedman, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Other General Texts: †¢ Globalisation and the State, World Public Sector Report 2001, United Nations †¢ Civil Society and Political Theory, Arato and Cohen, MIT Press, Cambridge. †¢ Democratic Governance, March and Olsen, New York Free Press. †¢ Globalization and the Nation-State, Holton, London: MacMillan. 2 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Strange, Cambridge University Press. Marc Williams (1996), â€Å"Rethinking Sovereignty†, Chapter 8, Elenore Kafman and Gillian Youngs (Eds.), Globalization: Theory and Practice, London: Pinter Globalization: Theory and Practice, edited by Youngs, London: Pinter The Twilight of Sovereignty: How the Information Revolution Is Transforming Our World. Wriston, New York: Charles Scribner. Governance in the Twenty-first Century , Rosenau in Global Governance, Vol. 1, No. I (Winter 1995) Globalisation, State Sovereignity, and the Endless Accumulation of Capital. Arrighi. A new version of a paper presented at the ‘States and Sovereignity in the World Economy’ conference, University of California, Irvine, 21-23 Feb. 1997. What Future for the State?, Strange, Daedalus Vol 124, (Spring 1995), 56. The Defective State, Strange, Daedalus Vol 124, Number 2, Spring 1995. The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy, Strange, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1996 Governance and Politics in Africa, Goran and Bratton, Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc. Colorado, USA. Institutions , institutional change and economic performance. North, Cambridge University Press. Making democracy work, Putnam, Leonardi, and Nanette, Princeton: Princeton University Press. CLASS POLICIES Class Participation: Class participation is essential in this course, and therefore, timely and regular class attendance is mandatory. Class attendance will be marked at the very beginning of each class. Attendance will be graded. Except for serious emergencies, and medical reasons, which must be brought to notice immediately over email, absences or late arrival will not be â€Å"excused†. It should be clearly noted that almost one-third of the Final Grade is dependant on attendance and punctuality. Drafting: Particular emphasis will be placed in this class on building up an ability to draft assignments and papers in a grammatically correct and logical manner, in presentations that can carry weight and conviction with the reader. The same will hold true of oral presentations in class. Email: Because of the importance attached to email and web pages, all students must have proper email accounts, and must check them regularly every day. (All email addresses will be collected in the first class). Students should also maintain a group address (Listserv) of all classmates, including the Professor, so that messages of common interest can be circulated to all. Reference Formula: All email correspondence MUST contain the following four-part Reference Formula in FOUR places, namely, (a) as the only â€Å"subject† of the email; (b) as the only first line of the text of the email; (c) as part of the â€Å"header† of any attached assignment, and (d) as the â€Å"filename† of the attachment: (initials of university)-(course symbol)-(initials of student)-(assignment number) 3 Example of the four-part Reference Formula: NYU-G-XXX-A# (where NYU stands for New York University, G stands for Globalisation, XXX are the student’s initials in capital letters, and A# is the assignment number). Format of assignments: Assignments will normally be submitted in hard copies, and must be saved in Microsoft Word (or WordPerfect) format exclusively. They should be saved with the same filename as the â€Å"Reference Formula† above, so that no confusion is ever created. Web-Sites: Each student will be encouraged to maintain a personal web-page, which will be graded. (Some tips on the quickest means to establish student web-sites will be discussed in the first class). In addition, a Class Web-Page may also be maintained as a group project. Each student will have to provide a personal â€Å"thumbnail† picture and a few lines of descriptive text for this Class Web-Page. These thumbnails have to be provided within the first two weeks of class. Other material on the class web-page will include summaries of class notes, and links to the personal web pages of each student reflecting their respective assignments. Assignments: Assignments will include : (a) One Mid-Term Paper (4-6 pages, single space, Garamond 12 or 14 pt. font, or equivalent) to be prepared and submitted by the 7th week of class. (b) One Final Paper (14-16 pages, single space, Garamond 12-14 pt. font, or equivalent) to be prepared and submitted by the 12th week of class. (c) Class Notes to be prepared each week by designated students working separately or in couples for each of the class sessions. (d) Oral presentations, supported by Summaries, on some of the essential texts (note: The summary of the presentation MUST be circulated to all students and to the professor via email a full 24 hours before the presentation). Class Notes: The objective is to maintain a complete record of the notes from each class on the home-page. The assigned group (which will always be different from the group preparing the presentations) will be responsible for preparation of the class notes. Class notes MUST be written within 24 hours after the class, and then circulated immediately via email to all. Class notes should not be longer then one page and should contain the following 1. The gist of the topics discussed in class. 2. The lessons learned News: The daily reading of at least one leading American newspaper (New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, etc), one major foreign newspaper or weekly (London Guardian, Economist, etc), and one major American quarterly (Foreign Report) is required. All are available over the Internet. GRADING POLICY Grading Notes: In judging the quality of all assignments, the total grade for each of these will be divided into three portions, one-third for the quality and formatting of the presentation, one-third for the factual accuracy of research, and one-third for the strength and persuasiveness of the opinions expressed. Extra weight will be given for any visible improvement of work manifested over the semester. 4 Grading values: A+ (98-100) A (94-97) A-(90-93) B+ (88-89) B (84-87) B-(80-83) C+ (78-79) C (74-77) C-(70-73) D (60-69) F (59-less) Grading Break-up: Attendance and participation Web-page maintenance Assignments (oral and written) Final or Term Paper SCHEDULE OF LECTURES 30% 10 % 30 % 30 % SESSION 1 : INTRODUCTION Class policies and ground rules regarding, drafting techniques, web-sites, email addresses, oral book presentations, etc., and the road map of the semester will be discussed in detail. SESSION 2 : THE ROLE OF THE STATE : RIGHTS, DUTIES AND OBLIGATIONS This session reviews the definitions of the state, including the institutions of the legislature, the judiciary, electoral bodies as they have traditionally been conceptualised. What are the duties of the state to the public? What levels of government carry out what duties? How does legislature respond to the needs of the state, its duties and obligations? Governments are established to respond to the needs of their populations? What are these needs? How are they defined? What right do the people have to demand them? How do they make their concerns known? And in turn do they have duties to fulfill in their capacities as private citizens that contribute to the smooth functioning of their governments? What is the role of citizenry in good governance and in the effective functioning of the state? Book Presentation: Globalisation, Human Development Report 1999, UNDP Other discussion Papers: Public Sector Management, Governance and Sustainable Human Development. Discussion Paper 1. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. January 1995, Available at: http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/!UN9821.PDF/Psm.htm The Challenge to the South, The Report of the South Commission, 1992. Available through http://www.southcentre.org/ The Rise of the Brand State, Peter van Ham, Foreign Affairs, Sep-Oct 2001 SESSION 3 : UNDERSTANDING GLOBALISATION This session will attempt to define the parameters of the forces of globalisation in their historical and functional contexts. How does globalisation today differ from its earlier versions? What are the respective roles of the state and the private sector in using these  forces ? How do states, citizens, businesses, benefit from these forces ? Who gains and who loses out in the process. Book Presentation: Reinventing Government, David Osborne, 1992. Other dscussion papers: Selling Globalization The Myth of the Global Economy, by Michael Veseth Globalisation, Human Development Report 1999, UNDP, Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/default.cfm The Clash of Globalisations, Stanley Hoffman, Foreign Affairs, Jul-Aug 2002 SESSION 4 : GOVERNANCE AS A BASIC PRE-CONDITION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Governance is a basic precondition for sustainable economic, social and political development. This lesson will look at the linkages between governance and development that is sustainable. It will review how systems of governance can effect development positively or negatively and the challenges posed to the state and society. It will also look at accountability and transparency in dealing especially with corruption, which is a major concern in most countries. Book Presentation: Reconceptualising Governance, Discussion Paper 2, UNDP, January 1997 Other discussion Papers: Governance for Sustainable Development, a UNDP Policy Document, 1997, Available at: http://magnet.undp.org/policy/default.htm Corruption and Good Governance. Discussion Paper 3. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. July 1997 Available at: http://magnet.undp.org/ under: Discussion Papers Series. SESSION 5 : THE INTEGRATION OF MARKETS, TECHNOLOGY AND INFORMATION This lesson reviews the impact of globalization on nations and countries all over the world. It examines the development of new technologies, and rapid information communications that are breaking down barriers of time and distance. It looks at the effect of unprecedented integration of trade and financial transactions through electronic means and the massive diffusion of information through Internet and satellites. It examines the effect of globalization on the sovereignty of the state and the need for a change in its role. Book Presentation: The Third Wave, by Samuel Huntington, published by the University of Oklahoma Press. Other discussion Papers: Globalization and the Nation-State, by Robert J. Holton, London: MacMillan, Philip G. Cerny (1996), â€Å"What Next for the State?†, Chapter 9, Elonore Kafman and Gillian Youngs (Eds.), Globalization: Theory and Practice, London: Pinter. The Knowledge Gap, Avinesh Persaud, Foreign Affairs, Mar-Apr 2001 SESSION 6 : THE EROSION OF SOVEREIGNTY The process of globalisation is undermining the sovereignty of nation states and will lead to the eventual disintegration of the sovereign states system in international politics. The sovereignty of nations is being undermined by multiple sources: technology, civil society, global consensus on issues such as human rights, democracy and governance. However, sovereign states are still the basic constituents of the international society. This lesson will look at the effect of globalization on the sovereignty of the state and review policies that need to be adopted to meet the requirements of the international community. Book Presentation: Development as Freedom, by Amartya Sen, published by Random House Anchor Books. Other discussion Papers: Philip G. Cerny (1996), â€Å"What Next for the State?†, Chapter 9, Elonore Kafman and Globalization: Theory and Practice, by Gillian Youngs (Eds.), London: Pinter, The Twilight of Sovereignty: How the Information Revolution Is Transforming Our World, by Wriston, Walter, New York: Charles Scribner, Will the Nation State survive Globalisation, Martin Wolf, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb 2001 SESSION 7 : THE GROWING ROLE OF NON-STATE ACTORS The modern state is witnessing civil society, NGOs and the private sector becoming more powerful at the expense of the state. In some countries, the influence of some transnational corporations (TNCs) has become greater than that of the state. These TNCs are the most important single force creating global shifts in economic activity, and their strategies and operations are much influenced by the forces of technological change. Moreover, private investment has become a major source of funding for development activities. How can the state interact with these non-state actors gradually gaining a more prominent role? This lesson explores the different experiences and responses of nations to answer this question. Book Presentation: The World Turned Upside Down? Globalization and the Future of the State, by Berry Jones, published by St. Martins Press. Other discussion Papers: Governance in the Twenty-first Century, by Rosenau, James N. in Global Governance Vol. 1, No. I (Winter 1995) Public Sector Management, Governance and Sustainable Human Development. Discussion Paper 1. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. January 1995, Available at: http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/!UN9821.PDF/Psm.htm Assignment submission deadline for one of the following topics: 1: How is globalization affecting the poor and other disadvantaged groups in developing and developed countries. Each student can either take one country or one aspect of globalization to prepare this summary. In other words the unit of analysis could either be one issue/aspect of globalization applied to different countries, or one country through which all aspects are brought together. or 2: Critically examine the problems of the civic and corporate responsibilities of multinational corporations. Students can either choose one company, or prepare a general note to examine how private sector companies can share social and economic responsibility for the communities and groups in which they work. Such responsibilities might include, among other possibilities, support to local economic development, increasing awareness of human rights, supporting the government to fight cross border corruption, etc.. SESSION 8 : THE INCREASING INTER-DEPENDENCE AMONG STATES There is visible evidence about the emergence of a global community, global issues and global actions. Examples lie in multi-lateral organisations as in the United Nations system, and in regional institutions, as in the European Union, NAFTA, ASEAN, etc. Increasing interaction among states in tackling political, economic and financial issues, has resulted in a growing awareness that interaction at regional and global levels is essential in this globalized world. There is a need to address issues of peace, security, economic stability, poverty and health as global concerns. There is an awareness that global actions are becoming essential in effectively tackling problems which are acquiring global dimensions, for example, drugs, terrorism, global warming, crime, poverty, illiteracy, AIDS, etc. There is growing awareness also about the concept of â€Å"global public goods†. How can nations deal with this new interdependence? What is the most effective role for the state? This lesson reviews the effect of rapidly increasing globalisation in the 21st Century and its impact on national governments of the North and South. It looks at the issue of global goods, effects on the growth, distribution of incomes, availability of public services, and increasing inequities within countries and across nations and reviews the need for increased collaboration in policy, with particular emphasis on global governance. Book Presentation: Globalisation and its Discontents, by Joseph Stiglitz, published by W W Norton and Company. Other discussion Papers: Governance in the Twenty-first Century by Rosenau, James in Global Governance, Vol. 1, No. I (Winter 1995) SESSION 9 : THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALISATION AND LOCALISATION Globalization is forcing states to cede some sovereignty over global issues. The greater demand for decentralisation and citizen empowerment is also forcing states to devolve power, authority and finances to local levels. What is the role of decentralisation and how can this be distinguished from the process of devolution, and deconcentration? This lesson will look at institutional changes, experiences in decentralisation and democratic governance. Book Presentation: The Lexus and the Olive Tree, by Thomas Friedman, published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Other discussion Papers: Institutions , institutional change and economic performance, by North, Douglass, Cambridge University Press, 1990. Making democracy work, Putnam, Robert D., Robert Leonardi, and Raffaella Y. Nanette. 1993. Reconceptualising Governance. Discussion Paper 2. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. January 1997, Available at: http://magnet.undp.org/Docs/!UN98-21.PDF/Recon.htm Globalisation, Human Development Report, UNDP, Available at: http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/1999/en/default.cfm Globalisation’s Democratic Defeat, Joseph Nye, Foreign Affairs, Jul-Aug, 2001 SESSION 10 : RETOOLING NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS. Governments and international organisations are faced at all levels with increasing globalisation, population, and growing needs. New forms and ways of government functioning are emerging. The twenty first century is marked by a focus on democratisation, and an increased emphasis on global, national and local governance. The challenge is to restructure national governance institutions to deal with the impact of globalisation and the changing circumstances as well as providing efficient and effective public services with limited funds. Other discussion Papers: The new institutionalism: Organizational factors in political life. by March, James. G., and Hohan P. Olsen.. American Political Science Review 78 (3): 734-749. SESSION 11 REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS AT THE INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LEVELS The objectives are, ensuring society-based supremacy of laws, establishing regulatory systems to set up effective regulatory frameworks and a rights based system, ensuring equal treatment before laws protecting life, property and human dignity. How is law implemented in multijuridical states? What challenges does this present to governments? How does this affect the democratic representation of each citizen? The session will also look at overarching international juridical bodies: who designs them, who informs them, how is their mandate determined and implemented. Particular attention will be focussed on the World Bank, the IMF, and the WTO. Country cases are used to illustrate the needs of establishing policies, laws and resource priorities at the national levels to ensure equity and justice, and the upholding of rule of law, bringing security, and predictability to social, political and economic relations in the world. Other discussion Papers: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights; United Nations Available at: http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html SESSION 12: BUILDING NEW PARTNERSHIPS WITH CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE PRIVATE SECTOR What constitutes civil society? What is the most effective role of civil society organisations at the local, regional and global level? Do they and should they have well defined mandates? How can they work collaboratively with government? In addition, beginning with a review of the traditional role of the private sector in the stability of a nation-state,what are the moral, financial and legal obligations that the private sector has both to governments and to its constituents, addressing the question of the appropriate tools for regulation, if any. It examines the vital role of the private sector in good governance and in mitigating the negative effects of globalisation. Other discussion Papers: Citizens, Strengthening Global Civil Society. CIVICUS. Good Governance and Trade Policy: Are they the Key to Africa’s Global Integration and Growth?. by Francis and Yates, Alexander; World Bank. 1999, Available at: http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDS_IBank_Servlet?pcont=detailseid=000094946_99032505 585398 Taxes and Bribery: The Role of Wage Incentives. Besley, Timothy, and J. McLaren. Economic Journal, Vol. 103, January 1999. Final Paper submission deadline: What is the issue of the changing role and power of the nation-state in the face of globalisation. Some argue that invincible globalising forces will inevitably lead to the demise or fatal weakening of the nation-state in international politics. This kind of argument is explicitly presented in titles such as â€Å"The End of the Nation-State† (K. Ohmae, 1996) and â€Å"The Retreat of the State† (Susan Strange, 1996) Others refuse this argument and contend that nation-states will hold fast to their traditional powers and sovereignty. Examine the conflicting arguments on the relationship between globalisation and the sovereignty of the nation-state. In doing this, look into the conceptual aspects of globalisation and sovereignty first, present the different views on the subjects, and try to arrive at some conclusions as to what the conflicting arguments imply for human development. or A focused single-topic paper, either on one of the following topics, or on any other relevant topic which is cleared in advance with the Professor: (a) Corruption and Accountability. (b) Electoral Reform in Established Democracies. (c) Decentralisation and Democracy. (d) The Importance of Rule of Law and Access to Justice. (e) The Limits to the Capacity of the Public Sector. (f) The Uneven Impact of Globalisation. (g) The Erosion of Sovereignty. (h) The Role of Civil Society in the Future World. (i) The Role of Foreign Direct Investment. (j) Information Technology as a Driving Force. (k) Terrorism, causes and effects (l) Poverty and its Effects (m) New Doctrines in Law (n) Free Trade and Protectionism (o) Migration flows in a Globalised world. SESSION 13 : FINAL SUMMATION CURRENT GOOD PRACTICES Several modules of good governance exist around the world. Students will identify different models of good governance and critically analyse its components establishing the reasons for the success of the models and identifying the circumstances where these models could be used as an example of best practices. What does capacity development for governance involve? How is the capacity of a national government assessed and what are the innovative approaches required to create an enabling environment and interrelationship of groups and organisations. Other discussion Papers: Governance for Sustainable Human Development. Discussion Paper 7. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. http://magnet.undp.org/policy/default.htm January 1997, Available at: Corruption and Good Governance. Discussion Paper 3. UNDP, BDP/MDGD. July 1997, Available at: http://magnet.undp.org/ under: Discussion Papers Series. The Capacity to Govern: Report to the Club of Rome. Yehezekiel, The Commonwealth Portfolio of Current Good Practices and New Development in Public Services Management, Commonwealth Secretariat. 1996, Emerging Issues in Capacity Development, Proceedings of a Workshop. Institute on Governance, Ottawa, 1994. Spreading the Wealth, Dollar and Kraay, Foreign Affairs, Jan-Feb 2002 Is Inequality Decreasing, Galbraith and Pitt, Foreign Affairs, Jul-Aug 2002 SESSION 14 : DISCUSSION ON FINAL PAPERS This session will review the Final Papers of students before the semester ends

Oliver Twist Analysis

Oliver Twist Analysis Explain and discuss the main problem or obstacle that is introduced. Discuss how the protagonist or any other significant characters deal with this problem. Describe how this problem escalates, who is involved in this conflict, climax, and how this problem is dealt with. (Length: ÂÂ ¾ of a page) Character (Protagonist, Antagonist and/or other significant characters) Describe the exterior physical traits and personality of the protagonist. To do this effectively, you must consider the characters home environment, social group and personal attachments/relationships. Analyze the characters thoughts and perceptions, behavior, actions and reactions in the book. Do the same to the antagonist and/or any other significant characters. (Length: ÂÂ ¾ of a page) Oliver Twist: Oliver is a young orphan who is usually described as wearing tattered clothes. Although he is the protagonist, he has very little influence over the course of his life. Through Dickens writing, Oliver is revealed to be a saint-like figure. He is contradictory to others in his social class by almost every means possible. He speaks proper English whereas his companions speak rough slangy English. He is a very kind and loyal person who wants to always help the ones who provide for him and take good care of him like, Mrs. Maylie and Mr. Brownlow. He wants to live honestly even if that means to die trying. Even when he is tortured, he maintains his purity and does not become angry. Oliver is not a character torn between good and evil; he is simply a good person in all situations. Fagin: The ruthless and antagonist who hire young orphans to steal and pickpocket for him. In return, he feeds them and provides shelter. Dickens portrayal of Fagin seems to be influenced by anti-Semitism. Constant references to him as the Jew throughout the book imply that his negative characteristics are linked to his ethnic identity. He is described as a loathsome reptile (p. 145) and that he has teeth like the fangs of a dog. Fagin believes that betrayal is part of their lifestyle and enjoys watching people get executed. He is the ultimate opposite figure of Oliver in the story. Nancy: Although she is neither the protagonist nor the antagonist she is the most complex character used by Dickens to portray the problems present in Victorian London. Dickens portrays Nancy as a good person who has gone so deep into the evil side that coming back is impossible. As an orphan Nancy has been a thief and drinks a lot. Presently, she is a prostitute who works for Sikes and remains very loyal to him no matter how much he abuses her. In between characters that are only able to comprehend the good or evil, Nancy is capable of both. Perhaps, the noblest action in the book was when Nancy sacrifices her own life to save Olivers. She understands the terribleness of the path she has chosen and does not want a poor creature like Oliver to take the same path. Her ultimate decision to do good shows that no matter how terrible the environment might be, a strong soul cannot be poisoned. Her love for Sikes is strong even though she realizes that it will lead to her destruction. When Mr. Brownlow offers help, Nancy kindly rejects and says that she has gone too far and her death is inevitable. She maintains her loyalty to Sikes until the moment he kills her. Setting (Initial setting and/ or any other significant setting) The setting of a story or novel helps the reader to visualize the environment and its importance. Describe the initial setting and how it adds to the overall storyline. Describe any other setting you believe serves a purpose to the reader. How important is a setting with regards to the plot? (Length: ÂÂ ¾ of a page) Workhouse: Orphans and peasants are brought here to work. They are deprived of their civil rights and given very little food. The children are separated from their parents; couples are separated in hop of reducing breeding of the lower class. Ironically, the authorities who preach the necessity of a meager diet in the workhouses are very fat gentlemen who have far more luxurious lives. The woman in charge of taking care of the orphans takes most of the money allocated to their welfare for her own needs. This results in many children dying under her administration but she files the cases as accidents. This initial setting shows the environment that Oliver was brought up in. London: Although the story takes place during the Industrial Revolution in London (around the 1830s), Dickens depicts the extreme poverty present in London during the period and ineffectiveness of the Poor Laws. The Poor Laws were one of the main reasons Charles Dickens chose to write this story. There are many orphans who live on the streets and turn to pick pocketing for enough food to ensure another day of survival and pain. Many of the peasants on the street have no other option other than thievery or prostitution. This setting gives the reader some explanation on the actions of many characters like Fagin, the Artful Dodger, Sikes and Oliver. Fagin merely takes advantage of the situation and promises adequate nourishment, clothing, and proper shelter in return for the services of the young orphans in thievery. In the end he gets punished but the ultimate cause of poverty, which Dickens believes to be the society remains unchanged. This setting explains the hypocrisy of the societ y, with the help of Dickenss satirical writing, and challenges the conventional views of rich people regarding poverty being related to the hereditary of the peasants.

Essay --

Process: A computer Process means a program which is being executed. some are administrative, providing ancillary services for the remainder of the system and some are application processes. Each process has its own address space, or memory allocated to it A program may contain more than one process. E.g. we open MSWORD & then we may work with copy, paste, cut etc commands which are its sub processes or child processes. Some times a process is also called a task . A thread is a light process of executes during program execution through a program. E.g. Error messages, Alerts etc , which may appear during program execution. Multiple threads can exist within a process, but they all share a common address space. A process can be in one of three states: Running Blocked Ready (or Queued) There are five different states of a process New - The process is being created. Running - Instructions are being executed. Waiting - Waiting for some event to occur. Ready - Waiting to be assigned to a processor. Terminated - Process has finished execution. Processes must communicate with one another in computer environment e.g. we may open a MSWord & MS-Excel we perform a copy operation in MSWord & then use Paste Special function in MS-Excel , here inter process communication is being performed. That is why it is very necessary for a processes that must coordinate activities to achieve a common objective. we can also define Inter Process Communication as a set of techniques for the exchange of data among two or more threads in one or more processes. Processes may be running on one or more computers connected by a network. IPC techniques are divided into methods for message passing, synchronization, shared memory, and r... ...he scheduler,& Algorithm it uses is called the scheduling algorithm. The following are the main objectives of Scheduling: Make best use of available system resources, Give preference to those processes which are holding the key resources. Give preference to processes which are having good behavior. CPU Scheduler basically selects the process from the different processes which are residing in the memory and are ready to execute, & then allocates the CPU to one of them. The Scheduling may be Preemptive or Non-Preemptive: Non-preemptive Scheduling Once CPU has been allocated to a process, the process keeps the CPU until Process exits OR Process switches to waiting state Preemptive Scheduling Process can be interrupted and must release the CPU. Need to coordinate access to shared data E.g. when we use â€Å"Ctrl + Alt + Delete† to terminate the process forcefully.

Natural Disaster :: Earthquakes, Tornados, Flood

Debris is scattered for miles, houses are destroyed, trees are bent, and vehicles have been thrown. This would be an aftermath of a natural disaster. Natural disasters come in many forms such as earthquakes, tornados, floods, blizzards, fires, and volcanic eruptions, just to name a few. Every type of disaster is not subjected to one specific area. This means that people in certain areas only have to prepare for those disasters that are likely to occur in their region. Throughout the world, natural hazards are a frequent occurrence. On a range of scales they create disaster, destruction and deaths of people. â€Å"A natural process only becomes a natural hazard when the risk of human loss is presented.† (Page 2) An earthquake is â€Å"a sudden shake of the Earth's crust caused by the tectonic plates colliding.† (Page 2) The vibrations may vary in magnitude. â€Å"The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the focus. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the epicenter.†(Page 3) Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife. â€Å"It is usually the secondary events that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, tsunamis and volcanoes, that are actually the human disaster.† (Page 5) Earthquakes may last only a few seconds or may continue for up to several minutes. They can occur at any time of the day or night and at any time of the year. â€Å"They are caused by stress that builds up over time as blocks of crust attempt to move but are held in place by friction along a fault.†(Page 8) â€Å"When the pressure becomes stronger than the friction holding them together, adjoining blocks of crust can suddenly sl ip, rupturing the fault and creating an earthquake.†(Page 10) Volcanoes can cause widespread destruction through several ways. â€Å"The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that may cause harm following the explosion of the volcano or the fall of rock. Second, lava may be produced during the eruption of a volcano. As it leaves the volcano the lava destroys any buildings and plants it encounters. Third, volcanic ash generally meaning the cooled ash - may form a cloud, and settle thickly in nearby locations.†(Page 14) The main killer of humans in the immediate surroundings of a volcanic eruption is the â€Å"pyroclastic flows, which consist of a cloud of hot volcanic ash which builds up in the air above the volcano and rushes down the slopes when the eruption no longer supports the lifting of the gases.

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre vs. Boyz n the Hood :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre vs. Boyz 'n' the Hood When people are making choices sometimes they don't think of how they could affect someone else. In the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, Jane chooses to leave Mr. Rochester. In the movie Boyz 'n' the Hood Tre decides not to participate in a shooting spree. He result of some choices could have a bad aftermath, which not only affects the person deciding, but also the people around them. The choices that Jane makes has different reactions, such as when she left Mr. Rochester, because she found that he was already married. It caused him to plummet into a deep state of depression. She only thought that she was betrayed, used, and it was a huge mistake. "I was hateful n my own eyes. Still I could not turn, nor retrace on step."(210) Another one of her choices was when St. John asked her to marry him." Jane, come with me to India: come as my help and fellow laborer." (273) This obviously shows that he didn't love her. She made the choice not to go with him as his helper. Her final decision was to try to find Mr.Rochester. She went to Thornfield and inquired about him. She found out where he was and went there as fast as she could. "Delightful consciousness."(299) Your consciences will always be your guide to solving life's problems. In the movie Boyz 'n' the Hood Tre also made some choices. For example when he was in grade school he made a mistake when he started acting up in class, and when he got in trouble, he was sent to his father's home. At his father's house he learned responsibility and how to be a man. He regretted acting up in school, because now he had to suffer the consequences by cleaning his father's house. He also had the choice of who he hung out with. In his case you have to be very careful of who you hung out with, or you can get yourself into a lot of trouble. This is very prominent when Tre is walking with DoughBoy's brother down an ally way. Tre wants to stick together, but his friend thinks it may be better to split up. In this case Tre is in the same predicament as when Jane decides to leave Mr. Rochester. Tre knows he is wrong but his friend persuades him that it would be better.

A good day turned bad – creative writing

Swimming was always an exciting sport for me, it made me feel alive and athletic. However, this finest sport became a mark that would be on me for the rest of my life. Burbury Park was the place, me and my friends decided to go park because there was a football tournament that we had all been waiting for, this was our chance, a chance to get to the final. The weather was absolutely smashing, it couldn't get better. The sun beat down on us and we couldn't have felt a more positive vibe. The birds were singing and the trees moved to the calm wind that was keeping us cool. We were getting ready, doing our warm ups and having a team talk on how we are best team. The match had gone underway, after a nervy few minutes, the score was level, ‘nine-nine' and the atmosphere had already set in; the situation was that the next team to score would advance into the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup'. I dived towards the ball to make a critical save which kept us in a dominant position; thereafter my team had capitalized on what I had done for them. I shouted â€Å"COME ON LADS! Pass and move† and little did I know, they were doing what I had asked of them. I had to be harsh; this will improve them, â€Å"Hey! Markus! What the hell do you think you're doing, shooting from that range, do you think you're Ronaldo?† we were under vast amount of pressure, and the supporters made us know it with their screaming and supportive shouting, knowing that the next goal will be the decider. Markus was by far one of the best players in my team and I knew no-one at the age of fifteen could shoot that far out. The opposition were closing in towards our half of the pitch, and I was becoming more and more anxious with every second that passed by. I had a quick glance towards the clock and to my horror, there was only sixty seconds left, and as the role of captain, I had a duty, and that was to control my team and motivate them to win. I knew that the lads would not survive extra time as the looks on their faces told me they were exhausted and tired. To my surprise I had noticed Aquil (the weakest player in our squad) running towards the box, and then I had seen an opportunity. At that point, Abbas had possession of the ball. I knew that this maybe the last chance, we had to take advantage and maybe even score. Abbas successfully crossed the ball to Aquil, he had finally heard my commands which resulted in the fine cross. The cross was neatly passed to Aquil, it had looked like he was definitely going to score the winner. All the supports were chanting his name, in hope that he was going to score, it was one on one with the keeper, but unfortunately he had slipped. A depressed moan came from our supporters. However out of nowhere, Hussein been waiting for the rebound and had smashed the ball in the bottom of the net. I breathed a huge sigh of relief and the crowds chanted our names, I finally knew what it is like to be a professional football player. We were all tired after that fantastic win allowing us to celebrate like packs of wild animals. I owed it to all my players for all their hard work. Going to the finals of the ‘Birmingham cup' was the greatest achievement ever in our lives! ‘Knackered' was not even the word to describe how tired we were. Sweat was running down our faces onto the cold floor as though it were a waterfall. Tired, half of our team had decided to go back to their warm homes for a cup of tea and a bath, while the rest of us decided to go swimming at our local swimming centre, in Newtown. Me, Aquil, Abbas and Hussein were walking towards the swimming centre. We were all feeling excited about our upcoming match against Aston Villa Youth team in the final. We had just beaten West Bromwich Youth team making us better than them. I had decided that I was going to treat the lads for their hard work after swimming. Me, more than anyone else wanted to step inside the swimming pool and calmly cool down and rest. We were on the way to the swimming pool, we were on the main road and Newtown Swimming Centre could be seen not too far in the distance. On the way towards the Swimming Centre we had seen a park leading us straight to the Swimming Centre. â€Å"C'mon lets take the left and go through the park, it looks much easier.† I said, not knowing what was going to happen next. We had been through the park, ‘Yellow Park', many times before and we had thought it would be the safest and quickest way. We walked pass the main play area and it had seemed empty. Swings left swinging by the wind, and slides left for children to play on. I started to feel agitated and began thinking to myself why there wasn't anyone around. Goosebumps started appearing on my skin as an ice cold shiver rattled through my spine. But there was no turning back now as we had already walked past most of the park. We were at the end of the park and it was just one dark long alleyway. I began wondering even more and started thinking to myself about how corrupted this area had recently become. Newtown is not how it used to be back in the days but is becoming more and more violent and even more crimes are occurring by the minute. We were halfway down the alleyway and I could smell freedom just around fifty yards away. â€Å"Oi! Come here now!† a cold deep voice shouted at us from down the alley. I automatically looked up and to my horror and I saw two dark men. Both were hiding their identity with masks and caps, we knew they were criminals. I felt nervous and scared, thoughts began running through my mind as I thought of an escape plan. Who are these people and what do they want? What are they going to do to us? Why are they calling us? I was able to identify their ethnicity and they were both black. From then on I knew something bad was going to occur. Aquil was standing next to me. On the other hand as I turned around I was shocked to see the rest of my mates making a run for it. All these signs meant that these people were not good and I knew that the next few minutes were going to be some of the worst in my life. I didn't clock on, I was never in this situation before. Froze by fear, I stood still as I saw the men walk towards us, â€Å"Yo, what ends you from?!† they said, not bothering to wait for an answer. I knew if I hadn't responded fast, I wouldn't make it out uninjured. I answered â€Å"Lozells†. There was no reply from these men as they looked down on us. I began to get anxious. I knew that I had a huge sum of money in my wallet and thoughts began creeping into my mind, as I saw the second man reach into his pocket, that these people wanted our money. The first of the two men had started coming closer and closer and as he approached us, he put his arms around the both of us. From that moment my suspicion had been answered because he had said the following words to me. â€Å"I need some money man!† I kept quite. The other black man that was with him had taken my friend, Aquil into a corner of the alley in which I couldn't communicate to him. I had to say something to the person who was talking to me otherwise I would have to face the consequences. I was in a dilemma. I said without thinking â€Å"I have five pounds†. Of course I was lying. â€Å"Good, good, now hand over the flipping money or I will knock the hell out of you.† he said with a harsh tone as he raised a fist to my face, he was swearing too. I was thinking of a way to take out my money without him realising that I had more. Too my stupidity, I took too long and the man had thrown a strong punch at me on my chin. â€Å"ARGH† I shouted in pain as I fell to the floor on my knees. Aquil quickly looked over but really couldn't help me because he was getting robbed by the other mugger. Another punch fell my way but this time on the back of my head, I swore in pain and anger. I looked up and saw that I had no choice but to hand over all my money a huge sum of money. It was sixty pounds. The mugger helped himself and searched me and ran off with my wallet. So did the other mugger. I felt weak. I felt helpless. I was injured. I was bleeding from my mouth and from the back of my head. It had also looked like the other mugger had finished with Aquil. Me and Aquil laid there for a couple of minutes before a couple of members of the public helped us up. I was shaking as I walked back towards my home. I met up with my friends, and they were in shock, they were wondering what they could have done to help me and Aquil. I had told my parents everything that had occurred and of course my parents had phoned the police. It was useless and there was no point as the muggers were long gone†¦ I just thought to myself how a superb day just became worse.

Organization management Essay

t sufficient of contents Click to go to partitioning The organisational problem. The Organizational festering discourse they precious. The opinion behind the spirit of the OD preventive. The constraints I geted to sp block off a penny within. The puppets I discrete to theatrical eccentric in the bingle mean solar day shop class. The shop object. How I utilize the wobble scotch kit. The end result Top Drag Me Contents Click to go to section The organisational problem. The Organizational Development interference they wanted. The opinion behind the intention of the OD intervention. The constraints I consumeed to work within.The machines I mulish to purpose in the sensation day workshop. The workshop figure of speech. How I make commit ofd the reposition draw kit. The end result The organisational problem. I was c in on the wholeed into a hospital by their HR charabanc. The hospital admited to break 1 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions subject bea doty. An employee esprit de corps problem. shoot blast///C/Documents and Settings/ faculty/Desktop/OD interventions show window dust esprit de corps amongst its nurses. But as I spoke to opposite s deferholders, the do it became oftentimes analyzable. The HR managers told me that esprit de corps amongst nurses was at an all time low.At the equal time the hospital was trying to swap its culture to become more(prenominal) patient and wampum centric. It started off as a esprit de corps problem. But as I spoke to different stakeholders, it becam e more complex. The matron of the hospital was concerned active the pitiful relationships between the nurses, their unit managers and the doctors. The unit managers were all overspin by the fashion that doctors by-passed them and sh tabued at their nurses. The nurses and their managers blamed arrogant doctors for the poor morale in the hospital.The CEO was concerned that the doctors, who he saw as clients and partners of th e hospital, were not felicitous with the service they were getting. The doctors, chose to locate their independent pr bendices at the hospital, but had the freedom to take their bank line to another hospital, any(prenominal)time they wanted. Losing specialists to competing hospitals would affect his hospitals brand and offering as hearty as its profitability. He was overly jade of being the only leader in the organization, and wished that the managers would begin to take indebtedness and act want leaders.The Organizational Development intervention they wanted. The CEO, matron and HR manager all concord that they wanted a iodine-day workshop for all internal managers in the hospital. They wanted the workshop objective to be To help the managers to uprise a parking area tension regarding what they would need to do as a get together team up, over the next 18 months. The thought behind the design of the OD intervention. I k naked as a jaybird that I had to provide fu rther more than what theyd asked for in their workshop objective. And far more than even the problems they had briefed me on.In choosing my design for the workshop, I inevitable a spear that would Build trust. Allow the managers to vent their frustrations in a elbow room that allowed e very(prenominal)(prenominal) manager to be heard. But not in a means that would de flummox into a disconfirming gripe session slightly the doctors. Get the managers to see all the problems facing the hospital not only their stimulate problems. Get the managers let out of the habit of blaming doctors or the hospital for problems that they could re lap themselves. Get them to take responsibility and begin acting as leaders.Get them to stop seeing themselves and their nurses as being victims of the arrogance of doctors, and to start seeing the doctors as fundamental customers of the hospital. Support the activate to a patient centered and profit oriented culture. servicing them to identi fy the around important issues that they as a leading team need to deal with. supporter the managers to develop a common focus for the in store(predicate). oneness that not only rund their frustrations, but one that would make them stirred 2 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions eccentric person study. An employee morale problem.file///C/Documents and Settings/ provide/Desktop/OD interventions chemise stud about their future day in the hospital. Help the managers to identify the onus changes they would need to make to acquire the future they wanted. Help them identify projects that would help them to weapon those changes. To do all of this in a way that would build a leadership team. One in which team members take responsibility and support one another. The constraints I needed to work within. The hospital could only spread out the time for a one-day workshop. There would be 32 people in the crowd.In this workshop, the treat would be as important as the content. The refore the way in which the group developed their proclaim solutions, was as important as the solutions they developed. We needed a process that would encourage participation, buy-in, ownership, build the managers authorization and energize them. The besidesls I decided to use in the one day workshop. 1. The main(prenominal) in additionl I used was The channel Puzzle rig I had one kit for individually group of 8 delegates. apiece kit consists of Two laminated maps. (A1 size). The starting line graph is called The institution Of immediately.The second chart is called The beau ideal Organisation Of The Future. The design on distributively chart is of the organization as a bother comprising 20 organisational development pieces. The organizational development tool I chose for this complex OD intervention was The tack Puzzle Kit. A counterbalance of water soluble pens which allows the delegates to write this instant onto the laminated charts. The charts give the gate be wiped clean and used again. A box of jot tease to help the groups think about the 20 organizational elements from an Organizational Development and systems thought perspective, as they concluded their charts.2. The secondary tool I used was a champion drill from The Powerful Facilitation cards. These workshop action mechanism cards are designed care recipes. They provide detailed workshop activities to turn over specific workshop goals. I chose a card that helped a group to bring to pass a imagery in a way that fixd fun and arrogant get-up-and-go. The workshop design. I chose The Change Puzzle Kit because it allows a group to do the complex systems thinking they needed to do to solve their own problems, in a very practical and very participative way. This is the process I followed.To ensure that everyone could participate, I divided the larger group into 3 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions caseful study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Sett ings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud 4 groups of 8 delegates per group. These groups were mixed to provide as a great deal variety as possible. We mixed the groups so we had different functions (HR, marketing, administration & nursing), and people of different ages and races working together in each group. Each group had their own change puzzle kit to work with.I used this diagram to explain the process we would be following which was We would take a systems thinking photograph of the hospital as it was directly with all its frustrations and all its strengths. To do this we would use The Organisation of Today charts and cards. We would do a good brained exercise to take in at what the hospital would be the like 3 years into the future, if it was delighting its patients, was profitable, and a determine where the managers would be proud to work. We would translate that counterbalance brain survey of the future impale into left brained, systems thinking.We would look at the elements that would need to be in place for that vision to work. To do this we would use The exalted Organisation Of The Future charts and cards. We would whence compare what came out of our two charts. From this, we would lease a fewer core changes. Changes that would help us to solve the most important of like a shots problems, and melt us towards the future we wanted. We would then create several(prenominal) projects to make chance upon these changes. How I used the change puzzle kit. tint 1. Provide an overview of the change puzzle The attention span of most groups for auditory sense to a presentation is less than one-half an hour.So, to keep the groups attention, I provided a very quick overview of the charts and clue cards they would be victimization. footmark 2. The groups examine their organization as it exists today using The Organisation of Today charts and cards. 2. 1 instruction manual Each group was given the chart The Organisation Of Today plus th e 20 clue cards about the watercourse organization. They were also given a bound of water soluble pens. They were asked to write on their chart how they saw their hospital today in terms of each puzzle piece or OD element. They could use the clue cards to help them.Each person was encouraged to write how he/she viewed the situation independently of their group as the group didnt need to achieve a consensus. I also explained that some people see things in a autocratic light, others in a negative light and others prefer to put down facts. All of these views were equally valuable. 2. 2 drill Each group spent about an hour record booking their answers. so sooner of having formal feedback, each group hardly read what the other groups had written on 4 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem.file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud their charts. This was to prevent a very tedious feedback process and potential co nflict. 2. 3 What came out The three groups were strike that they had akin responses. For example They felt their roles were not do enough. They were too rank obsessed. They felt doctors had too much status and that they needed to be empowered more. There was too much gossip. People operated in cliques. No one was taking responsibility. They felt they needed to bonk one another more.They wanted to create a culture where people fathert feel intimidated when psyche shares adroitnesss. But most of all, they were surprised by how much negativity came out. Surely there are some good things too? One person asked. 2. 4 why this happened Their common responses were due to two design factors the mixing of the groups, and the systems thinking behind the design of the chart they used. Negative responses are common amongst groups when they analyze their current situation. Groups are more positive when they create their own future. Step 3. Groups develop a vision of the future.I used a creative activity from the Create fun and energy section of the Powerful Facilitation cards. I needed to turn around the groups energy from negative and powerless, to positive and creative. I also needed the groups to develop a vision of their future, which was far more creative than barely that of solving their frustrations of today. As they developed their flop brain run into of the future hospital, the groups became energized. Alive. salutary of fun. They began laughing. They worked well as a team. They started excogitation of attack up with brilliant ideas of how they could add note value to the doctors, and earn their respect.They created slogans for themselves showing how they would care for their patients, their doctors and one another. This was the turning point of the workshop. Step 4. Groups complete The nonpareil Organisation of the Future charts. 4. 1 Instructions and activity I remixed the groups so that each of the four visions were now be by members within each new group. I then asked the groups to complete the Ideal Organisation of the Future charts. In doing so, I asked them to think about what would need to be in place for them to be able to live their visions. I encouraged them to be creative.This is because I wanted them to come up with more than simply the opposite of the problems theyd identified in their The Organization Of Today charts. I wanted them to capture all the marvellous ideas theyd had in their right brain vision, onto the Ideal organisation of the future charts. I suggested they also look at the future clue cards to generate even more creative ideas. 4. 2. What came out What came out of this activity were wonderful positive ideas that not only solved the problems theyd identified in their organization of today charts, but started achieving all the objectives Id hoped for when designing the workshop.For example, in order to clear up roles, they though of having a monthly picture board, entitled meet the team. Th ey decided to spend a penny a day where they would 5 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents and Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud change roles with one another. They decided to have a programme where as managers, they would go back to the floor for a day, to dampen understand some of the issues that both nurses and doctors faced. They would call in the receptionists of doctors to find out all the doctors preferences.Then they would educate one another and their nurses on how to provide great service to each doctor. They decided that one thing that would build patient centered care, was to think of ways for caring for families of patients who came from out of town. They created slogans for themselves that demonstrated customer care. They decided to lead their teams by getting each unit to develop their own vision linked to the hospital vision. The team became quite excited about what was possible. 4. 3 Why this happened. The groups energy had already dour during the previous exercise.Building on this, we screw that groups are always more positive when they are allowed to be creative, and when they focus on the future. The Ideal Organisation of the Future charts are designed in a way that combines creative thinking and a future vision. Also, by analyzing all the OD elements that would be in place to support their vision, the group could see that achieving their vision was possible and practical. This make them feel hopeful about their future. Step 5. The groups deal core changes. The group was pursy away by all their wonderful ideas. But there were too numerous to implement all at once.They needed to apply the 80/20 principle. one time again I remixed the groups. I asked them to choose 2 changes that would Solve the biggest problems identified in The Organization of Today charts Help them move towards their most exciting ideas in The Ideal Organization Of The Future charts. I as ked them to record these changes in a From and To table. The From would be careworn from The Organization Of Today charts. The To would come from The Ideal Organization Of The Future charts. The four groups were surprised that they all came out with the same core changes.This happened because of the design of The Change Puzzle Kits which gets everyone to use systems thinking, and because we kept mixing the groups. They immediately started volunteering for projects around the core changes. The end result I then got the groups to list what theyd achieved as a leadership team during the day, and what they wanted to do aft(prenominal) the workshop. What came out was how amazed they were at what theyd been able to achieve in one day. They left the session excited and motivated. You may also like Case studies A schema instruction execution case study This describes a two-day workshop.6 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM OD interventions case study. An employee morale problem. file///C/Documents a nd Settings/staff/Desktop/OD interventions case stud to help an executive and management team to develop a comprehensive plan to implement their strategy. Member tools Poor morale in the workplace a diagnostic tool Based on a complex decision tree, this powerful coach tool provides a quick way to diagnose your particular morale problem. It provides over forty possible solutions and helps you choose the stovepipe solution for your particular problem.How to rebuild morale afterward an organizational restructure. 4 OD interventions to rebuild trust, focus, morale and commitment after an organizational restructure. A CEOs guide to implementing strategy What to do after youve developed a strategical plan. How to use your vision to lead an executive team. The 12 steps for aligning your organization to your strategy and getting them to implement it. Develop an universe system that results in a ethnical change. How to develop an innovation culture in your organization. ArticlesTeam l eader skills Managing Morale Managing morale is a key leadership skill because it determines whether or not a team has the energy, confidence and commitment to perform at their best. Inspiration at work How to animize and motivate your team at work. serviceable EQ and SQ tips for leaders. Restructuring Organizations Leadership problems after an organizational restructure. Typical problems experienced by leaders after a restructuring exercise. The role of a change agent during an organizational restructure. The role a change agent can play during a restructure. When to do strategic planning.Strategic planning as an OD intervention. Participative tools to use in OD interventions The Change Puzzle KitA powerful tool for any OD intervention that requires group participation, systems thinking or a diagnosis of a problem. Powerful Facilitation CardsA set of OD activities to choose from to use in your OD intervention workshop. Winning the Game of Change A powerful planning tool for mat uration an OD strategy for your organization, or for assist your executive team to plan to implement their strategy. Contains 20 cards covering the major(ip) OD interventions. 7 of 7 4/9/2013 236 PM.